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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 14, 2021 10:36:58 GMT -5
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 14, 2021 20:53:11 GMT -5
A meta-analysis of ungulate predation and prey selection by the brown bear Ursus arctos in Eurasia
Abstract
At the biogeographic scale, spatial variation in diets may reflect not only the ecological flexibility of carnivore feeding habits, but also evolutionary adaptations of different populations within a species. We described the large-scale pattern in brown bear Ursus arctos predation on ungulates, its selectivity for ungulate species, and its relative role in ungulate mortality. We collated data from 63 studies in Europe and Asia and analyzed them in relation to annual temperature. Ungulate meat makes up, on average, 8.7% of brown bear diets, with European bears feeding on ungulates more (mean 10.5%) than Asiatic bears (6.8%). In Europe (but not in Asia), the percentage share of ungulates in bear diet was negatively related to the mean annual temperature. Northern populations of Asian bears consumed less ungulate meat than the respective populations in Europe, because of the widespread occurrence of Siberian pine Pinus sibirica and dwarf Siberian pine Pinus pumila, which produce relatively large, protein-rich seeds. In both continents, ungulates peak in the diet of bears in spring. Brown bears’ preference for 10 species of ungulates increased with body mass of prey. The bear significantly preferred preying upon moose Alces alces throughout its range. Bears were the most important predator of moose and caused, on average, 23% of total natural mortality in moose populations. Brown bear preference for moose and its dominant role in moose mortality suggest an evolutionary predator–prey relationship between these two species. Brown bears illustrate that even an apparently omnivorous predator can prefer one prey species.
Table 2 Prey preferences of brown bears in Eurasia calculated by Jacobs’index D(see BMethods^which varies from −1 (complete avoidance of a species),to 0 (random utilization), to 1(the strongest positive selection). Body mass of ungulate species (in kilograms) is based on ¾ of adult female body mass to account for young and juveniles preyed upon following earlier prey preference studies (Hayward 2006; Hayward et al. 2006a,b,c). Roe deer includes both Capreolus capreolus and C. sibirica
www.researchgate.net/publication/327783044_A_meta-analysis_of_ungulate_predation_and_prey_selection_by_the_brown_bear_Ursus_arctos_in_Eurasia
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 16, 2021 11:40:42 GMT -5
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 16, 2021 11:44:18 GMT -5
ALASKA PENINSULA BROWN BEAR KILLS MATURE MOOSE:
BROWN BEAR PREDATION ON MOOSE AND CARIBOU RESEARCH
I was walking into the wind, north of Wide Bay Alaska, when my feeble nose picked up the smell of something big and dead. On the Alaska Peninsula, this almost always means you have found a bear kill. Plan A was not to surprise a giant brown bear as he guards his fermenting dinner. We got out the binoculars and spotted an area about the size of a modest back yard that had been churned up by what looked like a small dozer. In the center of this excavation there was what we bear folks call a “bear pile.” A brown bear had killed and buried a moose above ground. Almost always the bear is handy, so we circled up wind and blew the bear out of the nearby alders where he was sleeping it off. He stayed in heavy cover for a long while and departed, at least for now. We had to get a closer look.
Yep, it was a mature moose - one leg hung out of the mound complete with a coffee-can sized hoof. The top of the pile was compressed as the owner had recently been lying on top to ward off predators and scavengers. It is not at all unusual to find such a “bear pile” in the spring. Both the resident Alaska-Yukon moose and the caribou are in their most stressed time of the year. Winter is tough on these ungulates, and just before green-up is the worst. Add hungry brown bears to the mix, and it’s a bad time to be a moose or caribou. But they have got to eat too. What do they eat and how much? Biologists have been speculating this question for a long time and thanks to some modern science, they are getting answers.
www.bear-hunting.com/tactics?ID=9510ef90-be33-44af-810d-978909cba88e
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Post by arctozilla on Jul 22, 2021 15:31:35 GMT -5
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Post by arctozilla on Jul 22, 2021 15:43:13 GMT -5
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 22, 2021 15:54:31 GMT -5
Reply #25, yes, more than 100 years ago, grizzlies were larger than now and it was somewhat more common for them to kill full grown bison, but it wasn't something you saw everyday, only the largest and most predatory grizzlies were capable.
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Post by arctozilla on Jul 22, 2021 16:01:41 GMT -5
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Post by arctozilla on Jul 23, 2021 4:32:29 GMT -5
Here's an account from Man Meets Grizzly, grizzly kills bull bison and buried its remainder.   |
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Post by arctozilla on Jul 23, 2021 4:51:22 GMT -5
In 1844, Bialowieza, a brown bear killed a bison in a duel. In 1846, the guards shot a bear, which just over one year killed 5 bisons.  bp21.org.by/ru/art/a090430.htmlcredits to Warsaw |
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Post by arctozilla on Jul 23, 2021 8:06:44 GMT -5
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Post by arctozilla on Jul 23, 2021 8:13:41 GMT -5
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Post by arctozilla on Jul 23, 2021 8:17:57 GMT -5
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 23, 2021 8:32:50 GMT -5
YOUNG GRILLY BEAR KILLS YEARLING BISON
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Post by arctozilla on Jul 23, 2021 11:39:34 GMT -5
YOUNG GRILLY BEAR KILLS YEARLING BISON
The bison may been young but so was the bear, it was also smaller than the bison itself. |
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Post by arctozilla on Jul 24, 2021 7:39:15 GMT -5
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Post by arctozilla on Jul 24, 2021 7:41:39 GMT -5
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Post by arctozilla on Jul 24, 2021 7:42:53 GMT -5
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Post by arctozilla on Jul 24, 2021 7:45:11 GMT -5
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Post by arctozilla on Jul 24, 2021 7:57:31 GMT -5
Bears killing mooses in Scandinavian peninsula. A medium-sized brown bear kills 9 adult moose. Subadult male brown bear kills 5 female adult moose.  |
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