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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 11, 2021 10:13:22 GMT -5
The Functional Morphology and Evolutionary Biology of Bears
Bears typically kill using brute force and do not seem to exhibit any stereotyped killing postures or behaviours as seen in canids and felids (R. Boertje, pers. comm.; J. Hechtel, pers. comm.). Polar bears and brown bears have been observed to attack their prey both with bites and crushing forepaw slaps, apparently to whatever region of the prey’s body is accessible
(Murie, 1985; Boertje et al., 1988; Case & Stevenson, 1991; M. Ramsay, pers. comm; J. Hechtel, pers. comm.). Sacco, T. and Van Valkenburgh, B. (2004), Ecomorphological indicators of feeding behaviour in the bears (Carnivora: Ursidae). Journal of Zoology, 263: 41–54. in this book
books.google.com/books?id=zpRLAQAAIAAJ&q=Bears+typically+kill+using+brute+force+and+do+not+seem+to+exhibit+any+stereotyped+killing+postures+or+behaviours+as+seen+in+canids+and+fel
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 11, 2021 13:47:54 GMT -5
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 11, 2021 13:54:52 GMT -5
Grizzlies set to invade high Arctic?
NATURAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING RESEARCH COUNCIL
The telltale paw prints with huge 10 centimetre-long nails spoke volumes. But now definitive corroborating DNA evidence seals the case of the most northerly sighting of a grizzly bear. The discovery fuels mounting evidence that Canada's High Arctic is no longer the sole preserve of the polar bear - Nanuk is having to make room for its southern cousin.
The evidence of the barren ground grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) was discovered on Melville Island, an uninhabited part of the western Arctic archipelago 1,500 kilometres due north of Yellowknife, and 1,000 kilometres north of the Arctic Circle.
"We know grizzlies go out on the sea ice to hunt seals, but no one has ever seen one that far north," says Dr. John England a geology professor and the NSERC Northern Chair at the University of Alberta.
Dr. England got his first glimpse of the surprising Melville Island grizzly bear from the air during a helicopter ride to a geology research site in 2003. He photographed mid-distance shots of the large bear with characteristic grizzly features including a prominent shoulder hump, dark brown hair on and around the rear legs, and faded (grizzled) hair on the rest of the body.
Then in the summer of 2004, Dr. England's research group found physical proof that a grizzly bear was indeed calling Melville Island home. Near a cabin used by researchers for temporary stop-overs, they found grizzly bear paw prints in the mud. And from the cabin's outside walls and a guy wire attached to the roof they collected two intriguing brown hairs. These were sent for analysis to Wildlife Genetics International Inc. in Nelson, British Columbia, one of the world's premier bear DNA labs. The result: the genetic analysis pointed to a male barren ground grizzly bear, rather than a Viscount Melville polar bear, the variety known to inhabit the Melville Island area.
During the past 15 years there have been more and more sightings for barren-ground grizzlies on the sea ice in the Arctic from the Beaufort Sea to Hudson Bay. They're also known to be able to survive the winter and den on Victoria Island, the island separated from Melville to the north by Viscount Melville Sound.
The geologists, now bitten with the grizzly bear research, emphasize that they are not wildlife biology experts. Nonetheless, they say the discovery of a grizzly bear on Melville Island raises numerous issues. Could grizzlies move east to one day take up home on Ellesmere Island, in the heart of polar bear country? Could polar bears in the wild interbreed with brown bears, their evolutionary close cousins, as has occurred at least once in captivity? What impact will grizzlies, already known to prey on polar bear cubs, have on these northern bears?
For now, however, the greatest issue might be for the geologists themselves, says Dr. Jonathan Doupé, a postdoctoral researcher working with Dr. England.
"We have bear safety courses when we go up there, and people would normally say you don't have to worry about grizzlies because it's really just polar bear country," he says. "But I think that's no longer the case."
Dr. England notes that the grizzly bear find is a highly visible example of important changes occurring in the Arctic. "The Arctic is very large and diverse, and this complex but exciting environment is just coming into focus for Canadians in general. It's now a mainstream issue."
www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-03/nsae-gst030905.php
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 11, 2021 13:57:29 GMT -5
Predation on moose and caribou by radio-collared grizzly bears in east central Alaska
Abstract and Figures
Radio-collared grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) were sighted daily for approximately 1-month periods during spring, summer, and fall to estimate predation rates. Predation rates on adult moose (Alces alces) were highest in spring, lowest in summer, and intermediate in fall. The highest kill rates were by male grizzlies killing cow moose during the calving period. We estimated that each adult male grizzly killed 3.3–3.9 adult moose annually, each female without cub(s) killed 0.6–0.8 adult moose and 0.9–1.0 adult caribou (Rangifer tarandus) annually, and each adult bear killed at least 5.4 moose calves annually. Grizzly predation rates on calves and grizzly density were independent of moose density and are probably more related to area-specific factors, e.g., availability of alternative foods. An important implication of our results is that managers should not allow moose densities to decline to low levels, because grizzlies can have a greater relative impact on low- than on high-density moose populations and because grizzly predation can be difficult to reduce. Grizzly bears were primarily predators, rather than scavengers, in this area of low prey availability (11 moose/grizzly bear); bears killed four times more animal biomass than they scavenged.
. Moose (Alces alces) calves are an important food source for bears during late May and June (Swenson et al., 2007), and both black bears (Ursus americanus) and grizzly (brown) bears (Ursus arctos) eat moose calves. Up to 90 % of moose calf mortality by bears occurs before mid-July (Ballard et al., 1981) after which moose calf mortality by bears may decline as a result of increased mobility (Zager and Beecham, 2006) and decreased vulnerability of moose calves (Boertje et al. 1988), or shifts in bear diet to other food sources (Zager and Beecham, 2006). ...
... Adult grizzly bears account for a wide range of reported moose calf mortalities: 39 % in Alberta (Hauge and Keith 1981); 58 % in the Yukon Territory (Larsen et al., 1989); and 39 % to 79 % in Alaska (Ballard et al., 1981;Boertje et al., 1987Boertje et al., , 1988. Black bears are known to be responsible for a similar range of moose calf mortalities: 45 % in eastern interior Alaska (Bertram and Vivion, 2002); and 60-70 % in south-western interior Alaska (Garneau et al., 2007). ...
... Black bears can have a significant impact on moose calf mortality when bear numbers are > 0.2/km 2 (Ballard, 1992). Furthermore, bear predation can influence the survival and recruitment of calves where moose population numbers are in decline relative to predator abundance (Boertje et al., 1988;Ballard, 1992;Gasaway et al., 1992). The effects of bear predation on moose calves can be exacerbated where moose numbers are relatively low (0-0.65/km 2 ) and where wolves are present (Messier, 1994;Crête and Courtois, 1997). ...
www.researchgate.net/publication/238015031_Predation_on_moose_and_caribou_by_radio-collared_grizzly_bears_in_east_central_Alaska
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 11, 2021 17:52:00 GMT -5
THE BISON OF YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK:
Predation
There was no direct evidence for predation on the present herd. Circumstances suggested a grizzly kill of an apparently healthy, mature bull in mid-summer of 1967. Remains of bone and hair indicated the bull died at the edge of a small group of trees in a meadow, south of Hayden Valley. The lack of broken bones, the relatively young age of the animal, and the site of death all suggested a grizzly (Ursus horribiis) might have killed the bull. McHugh (1958) also mentioned indirect evidence of grizzly predation. Dave Pierson (1968 pers. comm.) believed both black (Ursus americanus) and grizzly bears would take calves in the spring, but calf counts during the study do not indicate much loss. However, such loss might have occurred at or immediately after birth, before the calves were observed with the cows.
npshistory.com/series/science/1/chap6.htm
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 11, 2021 17:56:52 GMT -5
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 12, 2021 11:02:04 GMT -5
Muskox Bull Killed by a Barren-Ground Grizzly Bear, Thelon Game Sanctuary, N.W.T.
The carcass of an adult muskox bull (Ovibos moscharus) killed by a barren-ground grizzly bear (Ursus arctos richardsoni) was found in the Thelon Game Sanctuary. It is suggested that adult muskox bulls along the Thelon River system have become prey for at least some grizzly bears that have learned to ambush them in dense vegetation.
journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/65416
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 12, 2021 11:03:57 GMT -5
Food habits and hunting patterns of Tibetan brown bear during warm seasons in Kekexili region on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau]
Abstract
Tibetan brown bear (Ursus arctos pruinosus) is an endemic subspecies of brown bear on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. We once reported a preliminary study on the summer food habit of Tibetan brown bear from July to August, 2005 in the Kekexili (Hoh Xil).. However, the hunting modes of the Tibetan brawn bear have not been reported. From July to August, 2009, we collected additional data on food habits and hunting patterns of Tibetan brown bear in the Kekexili region. We found Tibetan brown bears are more raptatorial than vegetarian, and their basal food was plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae), relative frequency occurrence of pika in the fecal residual of brawn bear was 37.3%, dry weight of pika residuals was 44.7%, respectively, followed by wild yak (Bos grunniens) , 18.7% and 30.2%, and Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsoni) 15.0% and 16.2%. Both prey actively mode and scavenge mode were used by Tibetan brown bears in Kekexili. Tibetan brawn bears actively dug and hunted for pika and scavenged bodies of wild yak, Tibetan antelope and Tibetan gazelle. We observed that Tibetan brawn bears spent about 10% of their time to dig and to hunt for pika but we had never seen Tibetan brawn bears actively hunted large mammals such as wild yak, Tibetan antelope and Tibetan gazelle. The total amount of Tibetan antelope, Tibetan gazelle and wild yak ingested by Tibetan brown bear through scavenge was about the same amount of Plateau pika and Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana) eaten by the bear.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21174359/
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 12, 2021 11:07:16 GMT -5
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 12, 2021 11:18:38 GMT -5
The opening line spoken by Terri Lyon on a video she taped from her home’s elevated deck Sunday morning is not something you hear every day, not even if you reside outside a remote, last frontier kind of place like Homer, Alaska--as do Terri and her husband, Gary.
Noises coming from his driveway woke Gary Lyon about 6:30 a.m. Sunday, according to a report in Monday's Homer News.
“I looked out the window and to my astonishment there were huge chunks of moose hair scattered up the driveway,” Lyon said. “Then I saw these two big animals--a mature sow brown bear that had this cow moose in its death grip. They were in the midst of the struggle.”
Lyon woke his wife and they began taking still photos and video footage. You can view the result on YouTube here. (Warning--it’s fairly graphic stuff.)
“The bear ripped (the moose’s) chest open, ripped out its heart, took the heart out and ate it. It was just like a horror movie,” Lyon told the local paper. “All the while it was kind of looking at us and looking at the woods. You could sense it wanted to get out of there. Then it got some or all of the liver, ripped that out and carried it off into the woods.”
 www.outdoorlife.com/blogs/newshound/2007/05/brown-bear-has-killed-moose-our-yard/
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 12, 2021 11:26:30 GMT -5
GRIZZLY BEAR DIET AT DIFFERENT TIMES AND PLACES:
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 13, 2021 8:37:57 GMT -5
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 13, 2021 8:41:49 GMT -5
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 13, 2021 8:44:19 GMT -5
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 13, 2021 8:46:11 GMT -5
BOOK "NOTORIOUS GRIZZLY BEARS"
HERE IS AN OUTLAW WYOMING GRIZZLY CALLED “BLOODY PAWS”, HE HOLDS THE RECORD FOR THE NUMBER OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS KILLED. DURING THREE YEARS, HIS ACCOUNTED ESCAPADES TOTALED 570 HEAD OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS DESTROYED:
RUSSIAN WOLFHOUNDS WERE TAKEN TO TRY TO HUNT DOWN THE OUTLAW BEAR “BLOODY PAWS”, WHEN THE HOUNDS CAUGHT UP WITH THE BEAR, IT TOOK A STAND AT A ROCK. AS EACH OF FIVE DOGS LEAPED TO GET ON THE ROCK AND AT HIM, THE BEAR KNOCKED THEM INTO KINGDOM-COME.
OK SO THE STORY OF “BLOODY PAWS” ENDS VERY SURPRISING. OF COURSE THE BEAR WAS FINALLY SHOT AND KILLED. THE BEAR WAS ALWAYS THOUGHT TO BE A MALE. UPON THE BEAR’S DEATH, IT WAS DISCOVERED TO BE A FEMALE. SHE WEIGHTED CLOSE TO 1000 LBS.
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 13, 2021 15:33:01 GMT -5
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 13, 2021 18:02:09 GMT -5
FEMALE GRIZZLY KILLS CARIBOU
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 13, 2021 18:03:07 GMT -5
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 14, 2021 10:03:37 GMT -5
CARPATHIAN BROWN BEAR FROM POLAND KILLED BY ANOTHER BEAR
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 14, 2021 10:09:21 GMT -5
CARPATHIAN BROWN BEAR (URSUS ARCTOS ARCTOS) KILLS 2 BULL BISONS IN POLAND
Both were not far apart. Of the first of them, an 8-year-old bull, only the front part remained, including the head. In contrast, the body of the second individual, also a bull but 11 years old, has been preserved in better condition. He had a damaged spine and bear claw wounds.
- We have informed this fact of the Poviat Veterinary Officer in Sanok, the branch of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Ustrzyki Dolne and the European Bison Friends Association - says Wojciech Jankowski from Lesko Forest District. - On Sunday, November 19, a visual inspection of the place and the remains of the bison was carried out.
Tissue samples were taken for genetic testing and for tuberculosis - bison diseases in the Bieszczady Mountains. On the basis of a visual inspection of the incident site and animal remains, the veterinarians ruled out human interference, while a bear attack was assumed as a very likely cause of the fall of the bison, which is indicated by the injuries and numerous tracks of this predator, as well as its lair.
- A few years ago in this area we had a case of a bison killed by a bear, which for several weeks ate its prey just at the threshold of winter - reminds Wojciech Jankowski. - It seems that the predator also took this opportunity to catch more animals from herds of bisons moving towards their winter refuges. A deep gorge, to which a bison breaks legs or falls, gives the predator an advantage.
Forestry Lesko will apply to the Regional Directorate for Environmental Protection in Rzeszów for permission to prepare skulls of fallen bison for educational purposes. gospodarkapodkarpacka-pl.translate.goog/news/view/23091/niedzwiedz-zabil-dwa-zubry-w-bieszczadach?_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=pl&_x_tr_pto=ajax,nv,elem
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