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Post by oldindigosilverback on Apr 16, 2022 7:46:07 GMT -5
Well done Montezuma, you seem to know all about bears and their value in cultural practices.
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Post by Montezuma on Apr 17, 2022 21:06:31 GMT -5
oldindigosilverback , thanks bro. Peru and bolivia, are home of ancient civilizations of pre-columnian america. They are cradle of ancient civilizations like mexico and iraq. It is very interesting to see that hiw much Spectacled bear were admired for their strength, ferocious, wisdow, divine power, and masculine sex power. Thats why its one of my most favourite thread.
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Post by Montezuma on Apr 22, 2022 23:43:53 GMT -5
"The Jukumari or Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) is the only representative of the family Urside in South America. The tradition, myths and legends that involve this species in the Bolivia are scarce and disperse, despite of the importance of this species in the culture. This study presents a bibliographical revision and interviews to indigenous communities collecting information related to this animal is recognized with diverse common local names, Jukumari or jucumari, Jüyütñeñej; which imply a mystical sense, a creature intermediate between a human being and a beast, born of the union of a woman and a bear. In Bolivia during the colonial and republican period, the jukumari acquired a great symbolic importance in the oral literature, festivities and folkloric dances."
"The bear is a personage in folklore manifestations related to the syncretism of catholic religion. In some dances of Bolivia the bear plays a central figure, as a buffoon's role as in the "Diablada" or the "Morenada", were the jucumari as main personage of the wildlife. Also is highlighted the powerful image of the bear as a fight beast; when figthing, they stand in a raised position and use the arms to slap and the claws of an almost human way. This style of hand-to-hand fighting is inspired in the dance of the "Thinku" that is initially performed by Qaqachaka and Jukumani indigenous communities of Potosí and Oruro."
"Some traditional stories refer to the jukumari as the “Son of the bear” which tells the suffering and confinement of a woman kidnapped by a bear; Highlighting the jucumari as a mixture of human and beast, granting its strength and intelligence. Finally I discuss that the beliefs and knowledge that surrounds the jukumari, can be a tool for the conservation of this species in rural and urban areas."
Source:-
shaggygod.proboards.com/thread/711/andean-bear-tremarctos-ornatus-boliv
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Post by Montezuma on Apr 28, 2022 22:27:13 GMT -5
"Also known as ukuku (Quechua word) or spectacled bear, the Andean bear is an important part of both the Andean and Amazonian worldviews. They are considered mediators between the world of the living and the dead, and the Matsiguenga indigenous people consider him the creator of life, the Maeni."
peru.wcs.org/es-es/especies/oso-andino.aspx
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Post by Montezuma on Jun 1, 2022 19:26:54 GMT -5
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Post by Montezuma on Jun 1, 2022 19:46:40 GMT -5
Lambayeque: The chief Spectacled Bear dietyLambayeque, is a principal diety originating from the Lambayeque civilization of the Andes and continued in the Chimurs and in the Incas. This is a very major god who is a spectacled bear with the proof given below. First, when spectacled bears were poorly and scarcely known, it was thought to be feline figure but later it was known that Lambayeque is in fact is a Spectacled bear. Here is the figure showing Lambayeque like a fierce spectacled bear.
"A tapestry textile fragment in the Israel Museum collection depicts a similar frontal black and white face, with spectacled eyes, hourglass nose and gritted teeth, which fers a striking resemblance to the image of a fierce spectacled bear. This image was mistakenly identified as a feline in the past, because the animal was unknown until several decades ago (Fig. 2). A reconsideration of the image of the Principal Deity Lambayeque in other textiles is revealing. The attributes present a frontal figure with a very tall headdress, with elaborate crescent-like feather headdress; spectacled eyes the so called “comma shaped eyes”); hourglass nose; a tight neckpiece under the chin – reaching up to the ears – in form of a bicephalic serpent; gritted teeth; sometimes deity holds one or two scepters."
"In two textiles of the Israel Museum, Jerusalem (IMJ) featuring the Principal Deity of Lambayeque, most of these attributes resembling the bear are depicted3. The spectacled eyes or the so called “comma shaped eyes” may have been inspired by the double lines around the bear’s eyes. Also represented are the hourglass nose, the gritted teeth (Fig. 3); and the neckpiece that resembles the white collar (or pectoral) on the chest of the bear (Fig. 4). To affirm our position, several ceramic bottles of the Principal Deity of Lambayeque shaped in the form of a four-legged bear-like animal are in the collection of the Museo Regional Arqueológico Enrique Brüning,4 and cited by Jose Antonio de Lavalle. The attributes vary according to their material: in funerary metal masks the Deity appears as a broad face with spectacle/“comma shaped eyes” and a prominent nose. The IMJ gold mask (Fig. 5) has at its sides protrusions of heads that suggest the bicephalic neckpiece, similarly depicted with four heads, on the finial of the Chornancap Priestess scepter.5 In ceramics the Principal Deity of Lambayeque – who scholars identify with Naymlap, the legendary ruler and conqueror who came from the sea has pointed cones on the forehead, the so called “huaco rey” bottle (Fig. 6).
www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1020%26context%3Dpct7&ved=2ahUKEwjWnNPeu4_4AhUSUhoKHbfuAgMQFnoECBoQAQ&usg=AOvVaw3iA94hg4aZmhak4qftfh4q
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Post by Montezuma on Jun 1, 2022 20:01:18 GMT -5
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Post by Montezuma on Jun 1, 2022 20:12:02 GMT -5
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Post by Montezuma on Jun 3, 2022 19:58:12 GMT -5
"Spectacled bears are of great importance for native people. They were given names such as acupayero (bear that eats bromeliads), Yura Mateo (white fronted bear), yanapuma (black puma) and ucucu (by one of the strange sounds it produces)."
"For shamans, it is a sacred animal, a mediator between the worlds. The Incas venerated the spectacled bear. It was forbidden to kill or slaughter them, since the Incas feared that the cry of pain of the animal could bring the wrath of heaven toward them. In Peru and Bolivia, the spectacled bear was always part of the religious festivals, being represented by a man with a bear skin cloak."
"According to a legend, a woman was seduced by a bear and she gave birth to a boy, half bear and half human. Trying to defend the mother from the violent father, it killed him, then the mother went back to her tribe and the son cried his loss. As a result, the typical pattern is formed around the eyes. The Tinglit people still worship the spectacled bear as their ancestors and make totems with its image."
www.phiessences.com/en/Animal-Essences/Animal-Essences-3/8---Spectacled-Bear---Brillenbaer.html
"This species is directly associated with the Andean culture and some of its legends and traditions. The most popular one is the “Fiesta del Señor Q'oyllur Riti”, where it is considered a totem, a protective symbol."
www.google.com/amp/s/www.zooportraits.com/spectacled-bear-tremarctos-ornatus/amp/
"The drink, called Seven Roots, looks like a magic potion Gargamel would use to catch the Smurfs. But it’s real—one of numerous folkloric cures dispensed by traditional healers, or shamans, in Peru."
“If you have sexual impotence, you should scrape a part of the bear's penis bone and place it in the drink,” says the woman, whose shop, in the city of Chachapoyas, offers various shamanic cures. “However,” she adds, “if you want to possess this animal’s strength, you need to put in whole bones.”
www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/andean-paddington-bears-poached-in-peru
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Post by Montezuma on Jun 3, 2022 20:07:21 GMT -5
"Manchu picchu was built by the Incas. And, the spectacled bear was the part of Inca mythology."
"Although South America only has one bear species (the spectacled bear, Tremarctus ornatus), the narrative of The Bear’s Wife and Children is well-known among the Incan. The Andeans thought bears symbolized men’s and women’s sexual practices, and girls were warned of “bear-rape.” The storey is about a bear disguising as a man. The bear kidnaps a girl and brings her to his cave, where he feeds and cares for her. Soon later, she gives birth to two half-bear, half-human offspring."
"The three can leave the cave and return to human civilization with the assistance of the children. The bear cubs are brought to the town’s priest, who kills them multiple times but can only kill the younger bear-child. The older bear triumphs over the trials and is assigned to combat a doomed soul, whom he defeats and saves from damnation."
"The soul bestows the bear with his land and wealth, and the bear-man, now fully matured, departs human society as a white dove. This narrative might be understood as a Native American’s distress storey against the Hispanic civilization. They find themselves more credible as this folklore gets more popular following the Spanish Conquest."
"In addition to this narrative, Ukuku, a half-bear, half-human entity, is said to be the only being capable of bringing ice from the tops of mountains because they had men’s brains but the power of bears. Ukuku clowns appear during Cuzco’s Corpus Christi celebrations, where they make a pilgrimage to a local glacier and retires the night on the ice as a symbol of masculinity."
www.yoair.com/blog/a-comprehensive-study-of-incan-mythology/
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Post by Montezuma on Jun 3, 2022 20:14:04 GMT -5
"In pre-Colombian time, the spectacled bear was worshiped as a vehicle for change. Everything from the passage of sickness to health, of the underworld to heaven, of dark into light, and passage of time (one year to the next, adolescence to adulthood) was attributed to the powers of spectacled bears (Randall 1982)."
"The Incas likewise considered the bear to have spiritual value, and sometimes let bears go after capturing them in predator roundups designed to protect their camelid herds from mountain lions (Tschudi 1844). By 1850, the influence of Spanish culture had supplanted these beliefs with one that viewed the bear as a symbol of machismo. The descendants of the Spanish Conquistadores lassoed and clubbed bears from horseback when the latter fed on shrub fruits (Capparis spp.) in the open desert (Peyton 1981)."
"Like their ancestors they drink the blood of bears as a communion to being more bear-like. Fat, which was once used by the Incas as a salve for tumors, (Baumann 1963) is now used to cure rheumatism and acne (Brack-Egg 1961). Baculums and paws fetch more than a month’s salary to a farmer. Bear scats are fed to cattle (Ricciuti 1983) and smeared on newborns to make them strong."
www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.196.5692%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&ved=2ahUKEwjKhPTDzpL4AhXPRvEDHezADBYQFnoECBwQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2B_uA-5cBlqtp4OvU1S0HF
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Post by Montezuma on Jun 3, 2022 20:18:25 GMT -5
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Post by Montezuma on Jun 3, 2022 20:41:37 GMT -5
"Spectacled bears are sometimes hunted illegally for medicinal or ritual purposes. In some parts of the Andean bear’s range, the meat, skin, fat, and claws are highly prized and in demand locally. In some regions in South America, the bear’s meat is believed to impart strength, its fat is used to cure certain illnesses, and its claws are supposed to bring good luck."
"Spectacled bears possess great religious and cultural value to the native people whom share their range and are the source of a lot of myths. Until humans began to forcibly introduce themselves, wild Andean bears were mysterious and a bit mythological. Some indigenous cultures in South America revered them as spiritual mediators. In some areas, they are considered a divine creature linking Heaven to Earth."
faunafocus.com/portfolio/spectacled-bear/
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Post by Montezuma on Jun 3, 2022 20:46:19 GMT -5
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Post by Montezuma on Jun 3, 2022 20:57:43 GMT -5
"The spectacled bear has deep roots in the myths and history of Andean cultures . Depending on the area , the bear is revered as a god or considered evil and killed ."
books.google.com.pk/books?id=0TCcpn2Be-sC&q=spectacled+bear+revered&dq=spectacled+bear+revered&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwifqo-q2JL4AhXASvEDHQb6AQgQ6AF6BAgJEAM
"In pre-Columbian mythology, the spectacled bear was revered as a grand mediator by which people and endeanvors passed it from one condition to another, a role which undoubtly derived from the part of bear's enormous high elevation (between the dark forest that inhabitated the jungles and light upperworld on the mountain's peak, evil and goid, health and sickness, death and rebirth, harvest and planting, and thus one year to the next (Randall 1982)."
"Spectacled bears with machioistic balues, vestigies with early beliefs exist throught the range of spectacle bear, notably from Colombia, southern peru and Northetn Bolivia."
books.google.com.pk/books?id=XXQ03uVmCAIC&printsec=copyright&source=gbs_pub_info_r#v=onepage&q&f=false
"Spectacled bears have played an important role in the folklore and mythology of the Andean people."
books.google.com.pk/books?id=ax9GBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA157&dq=spectacled+bear+in+mythology&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjOj4uN2ZL4AhWiR_EDHcq8A0QQ6AF6BAgFEAM
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Post by Montezuma on Jun 3, 2022 21:13:54 GMT -5
I thought the this thread would be no longer than one page only but it looks like has too much information.
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Post by Gorilla king on Jun 3, 2022 23:40:49 GMT -5
I thought the this thread would be no longer than one page only but it looks like has too much information. Great info bro!
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Post by Montezuma on Jun 4, 2022 9:17:41 GMT -5
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Post by Montezuma on Jun 4, 2022 9:32:14 GMT -5
I thought the this thread would be no longer than one page only but it looks like has too much information. Great info bro! Thanks bro! So our thread has grown up with more great info. I want to point out a thing that the reason that its hard to find about spectacled bears in cultures is due to the reason that when Latin america was discovered, the spectacled bears remained unknown to many scientists and archologists for decades. Native arts and mythologies that were depicting spectacled bear were instead thought by the natives as puma, alligator and snakes etc, like the gods El Lanzon and Lambayeque. But now, many new discoveries are revealing that bears had a prominent status in Andes mythology and the bear was a mediator, god, human, creator and guider etc. Interesting, the two Andean main gods, El Lanzon and Lambayeque, which were thought to be feline or other animals, were infact spectacled bears showing the bear had a status of god.
Afterlife is a very essential part of American religions, meaning the bear held a very important status in religion since bears were thought to take the soul to the heavens.
The natives were very strict god worshippers and the bear as a connector or mediator between the man and god, nature and human, heavrns and earth revealed the bear's importance to the native andes. There is more to be discovered yet and i am very curious for newer discoveries revealing the Spectacled bear's deep respect and importance for the Native americans. I hope we will see more information about this topic since Spectacled bears are now well known (unlike decades ago) and many archilogical finds would reveal spectacled bears's importance in cultures.
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Post by Montezuma on Jun 6, 2022 20:12:11 GMT -5
Wow, these finds are just killing me. More information showing the Spectacled bear's respect. "It is claimed the spectacled bear held a very important place ancient Incan religious beliefs. Today, the spectacled bear is still respected by the native people, but their numbers are diminishing."
arktofile.net/pages/bear_spec.html
"Spectacled bears possess great religious and cultural value to the native people who share their range. Spectacled bears are sometimes hunted illegally for medicinal or ritual purposes. In some parts of their range the meat is highly prized."
animaldiversity.org/accounts/Tremarctos_ornatus/
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