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Post by Gorilla king on Aug 20, 2021 13:53:15 GMT -5
The Newfoundland black bear (Ursus americanus hamiltoni) is a morphologically distinct subspecies of the American black bear, which is endemic to the island of Newfoundland in Atlantic Canada. The Newfoundland black bear is generally larger than its mainland relatives, ranging in size from 90 to 270 kilograms (200 to 600 lb) and averaging 135 kilograms (298 lb). It also has one of the longest hibernation periods of any bear in North America.[2
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newfoundland_black_bear
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Post by Gorilla king on Aug 20, 2021 14:00:19 GMT -5
Newfoundland black bear
Accepted scientific name: Ursus americanus hamiltoni (Cameron, 1957).
Description: Generally larger than mainland black bears, males weighing between 90 and 136 kilograms although bears of 290 kgs and above have been recorded.. Females are significantly smaller and averaging between 50 to 80 kgs.
Range: Found only on the Atlantic island of Newfoundland, Canada.
Habitat: Mainly found in the black spruce forests and balsam fir forests of the island.
Status: The population is believed to be stable and therefore not in danger. Estimates of the number of black bears on the island vary but numbers are likely to be in the region of 5,000 to 7,000.
Life span: Around 20 years but hunting reduces this to an average life expectancy of less than ten years.
Food: Newfoundland black bears are omnivorous. They eat moose and caribou, grasses, forbs, flowering plants, roots, fir and spruce needles,insects and carrion. They will also eat small rodents and occasionally prey upon livestock.
Behaviour:.The Newfoundland black bear has on of the longest hibernation periods of any North American bear.
Threats: Hunting, conflict with humans
www.bearconservation.org.uk/newfoundland-black-bear/
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Post by Gorilla king on Aug 20, 2021 18:49:59 GMT -5
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Post by Gorilla king on Aug 20, 2021 18:59:55 GMT -5
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Post by Gorilla king on Aug 20, 2021 19:04:10 GMT -5
NEWFOUNDLAND BLACK BEAR (URSUS AMERICANUS HAMILTONI)
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Post by Gorilla king on Aug 20, 2021 19:06:34 GMT -5
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Post by Gorilla king on Aug 20, 2021 19:09:49 GMT -5
Unusual Movements of Newfoundland Black Bears
... Adult black bears may be suitable subjects for detailed studies of movements because adults are strongly inclined to return home and are large enough for telemetry and observation studies. a Data compiled from the following reports from 7 states and provinces: Erickson et al. (1964), Harger (1970), McCollum (1974), Payne (1975), Orff (1982), Massopust and Anderson (1984), Rogers (1986), J.R. Gunson (unpubl. data). ...
... Homing of bears back to their capture sites has been reported by many researchers (Sauer et al. 1969, Harger 1970, Payne 1975, Beeman and Pelton 1976, Alt et al. 1977, Rutherglen and Herbison 1977, McArthur 1981, McLaughlin et al. 1981, Rogers 1986a. No returns to capture sites were documented during this study, but a high rate of censorship (i.e., disappearance; n = 10, 23%) was observed. ...
... Dunn, personal communication;P. Olesiuk, personal communication) and higher than the rates of sea otters, Enhydra lutris ( Garshelis and Garshelis 1984, Ralls et al. 1992, Estes et al. 1993), bears (Payne 1975 ;Stirling et at. 1977;Thier and Sizemore 1981;Miller and Ballard 1982;Rogers 1986Rogers , 1987, and bats (Davis 1966) over similar distances. ...
... Mortality among cubs that accompany translocated mothers may increase with translocation distance. Five cubs that were translocated with their 3 mothers 14-38 km survived (McCollum 1974, Alt et al. 1977, Rutherglen and Herbison 1977), but 3 of 6 cubs that traveled 72 to > 129 km with 3 other mothers were lost (Payne 1975; Graber 1981; J. R. Gunson, unpubl. data), and 6 of 9 cubs and yearlings that accompanied brown bear (U. arctos) mothers translocated >173 km were lost (Miller and Ballard 1982). ...
www.researchgate.net/publication/272803743_Unusual_Movements_of_Newfoundland_Black_Bears
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Post by Gorilla king on Aug 20, 2021 19:11:11 GMT -5
Mitochondrial DNA and the phylogeography of Newfoundland black bears
Abstract
The degree of genetic differentiation separating Newfoundland black bears (Ursus americanus hamiltoni) from continental Canadian black bears (U. a. americanus and U. a. cinnamomum) was assessed using sequence data from part of the mitochondrial DNA molecule. All of the individuals from insular Newfoundland, New Brunswick, and Quebec, and most of the individuals from Alberta, had very closely related haplotypes. Haplotypes from Newfoundland animals were more similar to those in eastern Canada than the eastern Canadian lineages were to related lineages in Alberta black bears. Given the previous observation of reduced genetic diversity in Newfoundland black bears, this subspecies likely arose through rapid genetic drift associated with a founder effect during postglacial colonization of the island, and not through long periods of isolation in a glacial refugium.
www.researchgate.net/publication/238036144_Mitochondrial_DNA_and_the_phylogeography_of_Newfoundland_black_bears
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Post by Gorilla king on Aug 20, 2021 19:13:52 GMT -5
Microsatellite population structure of Newfoundland black bears (Ursus americanus hamiltoni)
Abstract
We investigated population structure of black bears (Ursus americanus hamiltoni Cameron, 1957) from insular Newfoundland using the microsatellite profiles of 12 loci from three broadly distributed areas (Northern, Baie Verte, and Bonavista peninsulas). Our goals were to revisit earlier findings of low heterozygosity in Newfoundland and increase knowledge of intraspecific variability in black bears, and make inferences about postglacial colonization and contemporary movements of island black bears. Ninety-three individuals (42 males) were identified among 543 hair samples: 21 from Bonavista, 25 from Northern Peninsula, and 47 from Baie Verte. Genetic diversity is relatively low (HE = 0.42) and decreases from northwest to southeast. Small but significant subpopulation differentiation revealed by F statistics is greatest between Northern and Baie Verte peninsulas; it is lower and comparable in the remaining pairwise comparisons. We hypothesize that postglacial colonization proceeded from the Northern Peninsula southeastward. Bears migrated from the Northern Peninsula to Baie Verte at some more distant time in the past, then diverged by genetic drift. More recently, migration occurred from these two populations to Bonavista, characterized by positive FIS indicative of admixture. Tests of biased dispersal and posterior probability of correct assignment to locality reveal contemporary movements of both males and females with historical dispersal attributable to males.
www.researchgate.net/publication/237973826_Microsatellite_population_structure_of_Newfoundland_black_bears_Ursus_americanus_hamiltoni
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Post by Gorilla king on Dec 31, 2022 15:08:15 GMT -5
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Post by oldindigosilverback on Jan 1, 2023 4:28:17 GMT -5
One of the largest American black bear subspecies.
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