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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 8, 2021 8:39:55 GMT -5
Lions where also much more abundant in the Congo basin in the past. Now they are only in fragmented populations. Yet gorillas survived perfectly those lion prides. Here is old video footage from 1974 of lions in Virunga national park, Democratic republic of the Congo (DRC), (lions are starting at minute 10), this is one of the sites that Dian Fossey studied the Mountain Gorilla.
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 8, 2021 8:42:24 GMT -5
Look at those arms, pure strength and muscle
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 8, 2021 8:45:54 GMT -5
Gorillas are pretty explosive at close quarters, its not like they are slow. It very unlikely that a leopard would get a bite to the neck before the gorilla crushes his skull, the gorilla is the one to control the fight with his long arms and strength:
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 8, 2021 9:07:07 GMT -5
Scientists David R. Carrier, and Christopher Cunningham analyzed this gorilla fight below:
movie.biologists.com/video/10.1242/bio.022640/video-1
They made the video in slow motion and super slow motion and you can even see a gorilla making a forearm block:
Two male gorillas fighting at the Omaha Zoo. This file shows clips reproduced with permission from a video taken by Shannon W. Olsen and posted on YouTube on Oct. 23, 2015. This video is particularly relevant to this study because plantigrade posture of the feet is visible throughout the sequence. Specific notable events include a forearm block used by the gorilla on the left at time 00:02-00:03 and shown in slow motion at time 00:40-00:43 and super slow motion at time 00:56-01:03. In the super slow motion clip, notice the toes of the right foot arch to grip the ground at the time of contact with the charging gorilla (01:00) and then the foot begins to spin counter-clockwise at time 01:02. At the beginning of the attack, the charging gorilla begins each hindlimb step with a heel plant. This is best seen in slow motion (00:14-00:21). Retrieved from
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 8, 2021 11:48:05 GMT -5
The Strength of Great Apes and the Speed of Humans
Abstract
Cliff Jolly developed a causal model of human origins in his paper "The Seed-Eaters," published in 1970. He was one of the first to attempt this, and the paper has since become a classic. I do not have such grand goals; instead, I seek to understand a major difference between the living great apes and humans. More than 50 years ago, Maynard Smith and Savage (1956) showed that the musculoskeletal systems of mammals can be adapted for strength at one extreme and speed at the other but not both. Great apes are adapted for strength--chimpanzees have been shown to be about four times as strong as fit young humans when normalized for body size. The corresponding speed that human limb systems gain at the expense of power is critical for effective human activities such as running, throwing, and manipulation, including tool making. The fossil record can shed light on when the change from power to speed occurred. I outline a hypothesis that suggests that the difference in muscular performance between the two species is caused by chimpanzees having many fewer small motor units than humans, which leads them, in turn, to contract more muscle fibers earlier in any particular task. I outline a histological test of this hypothesis.
www.researchgate.net/publication/26883094_The_Strength_of_Great_Apes_and_the_Speed_of_Humans
GREAT APES (LIKE BEARS), HAVE ADAPTED FOR STRENGTH, BIG CATS HAVE ADAPTED FOR SPEED, THIS IS CLEAR. THIS SCIENTIFIC REPORT ALONE PROVES THAT IT IS NOT POSSIBLE FOR A FELID OF SIMILAR SIZE OR LESS TO BE STRONGER THAN A SILVERBACK
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Post by tyrannosaurs on Jul 8, 2021 11:57:33 GMT -5
Anyhow, cats can hold their own when it comes to strength against primates (Lion (Panthera leo) and caracal (Caracal caracal) type IIx single muscle fibre force and power exceed that of trained humans). Even leopards were noted to jump 3 meters in the air while Bonobos about 0.7 (Vertical jumping performance of bonobo (Pan paniscus) suggests superior muscle properties). Gorillas are the most explosive of all great apes (Americsn's journal of science) and were identified to have 60.4% white muscle fibers type laa, the most explosive (as well as another study I already posted estimated it to be at 69%, more explosive than Bonobos!). Gorillas are probably the strongest ape pfp.
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 8, 2021 12:08:27 GMT -5
THE DIAN FOSSEY GORILLA FUND INTERNATIONAL:
GORILLA ANATOMY:
Fact 1
Gorillas basically have 4 thumbs!
Like most primates, gorillas have opposable thumbs on their hands. But did you know that they also have semi-opposable feet? Their big toe is longer and placed lower on the foot than human big toes are. Gorilla big toes are also very flexible, which helps with the grasping and climbing behaviors that are so integral to daily gorilla life (Tocheri et. al., 2011). Humans, on the other hand, have shorter, forward facing big toes which provide pushing power for walking, rather than grasping ability (Rolian et. al., 2009).
Fact 2
Gorilla (and other great ape) bones are much denser than their human counterparts.
This contributes to their average weight (300 – 450 lbs) being much higher than average human weight. The greater weight is due to non-human great apes having a high density of spongy bone, while humans do not (Chirchir et. al., 2015). With less spongy bone, this increases our chances of breaks and fractures. However, the more weight makes non-human great apes less buoyant, leaving them unable to swim.
Fact 3
Like other great ape species (except modern humans), gorillas have a significant “brow ridge” above their eyes.
Like other great ape species (except modern humans), gorillas have a significant “brow ridge” above their eyes. While humans have a curved, unpronounced brow ridge, gorilla brow ridges are continuous and straight, and stick out over their eyes. It is theorized that a large, sturdy ridge helps to support weaker bones in the skull, and reduces strain on the skull when chewing particularly hard food items, like nuts. Between the eye ridge and the sagittal crest (discussed in our Halloween episode), gorillas have enough skull strength to bite through a coconut!
Fun Fact! While “brow ridge” is its common name, the actual name of this part of the skull is “supraorbital ridge”, which literally means “ridge above the eye”. (Endo, B. 1965)
Fact 4
Gorillas have a longer arm length to height ratio than humans.
While gorillas usually move quadrupedally, or with 4 limbs on the ground, when they stand bipedally they are about 6 feet tall! Their arm span averages about 8 feet, giving them a longer arm length to height ratio. Humans have an equal arm to height ratio, meaning your height is usually equal to the length of your arm span. The gorilla’s arm to height ratio helps them with climbing and is better adapted for quadrupedal movement than human skeletons are.
Fact 5
Gorillas have a larger head than humans, but a smaller brain.
While gorillas have larger skulls than humans, humans have a lot more room in their skulls to fit their brains. On average, humans have a “cranial capacity”, the amount of space for a brain, of about 1325 cubic centimeters. Gorillas, on the other hand, only have about 500 cc’s. The reduced space in the gorilla’s cranial capacity is due to the differences in the shape of the skull(diagram of differences). The actual brain of gorillas are averaged at one-third the size of human brains. (Herculano-Houzel & Kaas, 2011)
Bonus!
Gorillas don’t have chins!
If you compare a human and a gorilla skull, you might notice that the area underneath the mouth of the human sticks out and away from the skull, while the area under the gorilla mouth actually slopes back towards the skull. This slope may look strange to you, but it’s far more common than you think! In fact, humans are the only animals that we know of that have the bony protrusion beneath their mouths known as a chin. Researchers are still trying to understand why that is! (Pampush & Daegling, 2016).
gorillafund.org/uncategorized/gorilla-anatomy/
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Post by tyrannosaurs on Jul 8, 2021 12:10:51 GMT -5
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 8, 2021 12:11:12 GMT -5
The effect of foot posture on capacity to apply free moments to the ground: Implications for fighting performance in great apes
Abstract and Figures
In contrast to most other primates, great apes have feet in which the heel supports body weight during standing, walking and running. One possible advantage of this plantigrade foot posture is that it may enhance fighting performance by increasing the ability to apply free moments (i.e. force couples) to the ground. We tested this possibility by measuring performance of human subjects when performing from plantigrade and digitigrade (standing on the ball of the foot and toes) postures. We found that plantigrade posture substantially increased the capacity to apply free moments to the ground and to perform a variety of behaviors that are likely to be important to fighting performance in great apes. As predicted, performance in maximal effort lateral striking and pushing was strongly correlated with free moment magnitude. All else being equal, these results suggest species that can adopt plantigrade posture will be able to apply larger free moments to the ground than species restricted to digitigrade or unguligrade foot posture. Additionally, these results are consistent with the suggestion that selection for physical competition may have been one of the factors that led to the evolution of the derived plantigrade foot posture of great apes.
www.researchgate.net/publication/313784524_The_effect_of_foot_posture_on_capacity_to_apply_free_moments_to_the_ground_Implications_for_fighting_performance_in_great_apes
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 8, 2021 12:16:41 GMT -5
RELATIVE TO THEIR SIZE THE HIGHER APES, ESPECIALLY THE GORILLAS, HAVE THE BROADEST, MOST MASSIVE PELVIC SKELETON OF ALL ANIMALS:
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 8, 2021 16:11:07 GMT -5
The average biomass of the gorillas hunted by leopards in Central Gabon was 78 kg (171 lbs). Obviously subadult and female gorillas:
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Post by tyrannosaurs on Jul 8, 2021 17:03:10 GMT -5
Indeed. A male Leopard attacking a male gorilla face to face is guaranteed to be dead.
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Post by tyrannosaurs on Jul 9, 2021 12:03:03 GMT -5
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Post by tyrannosaurs on Jul 10, 2021 18:23:33 GMT -5
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 10, 2021 18:28:24 GMT -5
That's right, Yes there are, you can bet your bottom dollar.
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Post by arctozilla on Jul 14, 2021 7:12:24 GMT -5
Who is stronger in your opinion, brown bear or gorilla?
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 14, 2021 8:06:57 GMT -5
Who is stronger in your opinion, brown bear or gorilla? If the brown bear is larger, there is no doubt its stronger. If they are similiar in weight, i still think the brown bear is stronger but slightly.
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Post by tyrannosaurs on Jul 15, 2021 8:42:32 GMT -5
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Post by tyrannosaurs on Jul 15, 2021 9:50:23 GMT -5
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Post by arctozilla on Jul 16, 2021 3:46:51 GMT -5
So this is how the wildlife works.
In RFE, Amur tigers hunt black grizzlies a.k.a Ussuri brown bears but prefer to target females and cubs but avoid the large males the same thing applies to African leopards hunting gorillas in Central Africa, only females and babies are killed but adult males (silverbacks) are avoided. 😎
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