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Post by Gorilla king on Dec 21, 2021 20:56:49 GMT -5
Book, Grizzly years, by naturalist Doug Peacock.
"Adult females are fully grown by the time they have their first litter. Male grizzlies, by contrast, continue to grow each year of their life, suggesting that greater size, and therefore dominance, serve some evolutionary function and that the social life of the bear may be more complex than is generally thought"
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Jiren
Black bear
“Water can flow, or it can crash”.
Posts: 322
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Post by Jiren on Dec 24, 2021 17:07:51 GMT -5
Asymptotic body masses were 115 ± 9 (SE) kg in spring and 141 ± 9 kg in autumn for southern females, 248 ± 25 and 243 ± 24 kg for southern males, 96 ± 2 and 158 ± 4 kg for northern females, and 201 ± 4 and 273 ± 6 kg for northern males, respectively. Northern bears gained more body mass before hibernation and lost more during hibernation than southern bears, probably be-cause hibernation was twice as long in the north. Northern bears gained and southern bears lost mass during the spring, perhaps due to the greater availability and use of protein-rich food in spring in the north. As reproductive success in bears is correlated with adult female body mass in interpopulation comparisons, brown bears may have relatively similar reproductive rates throughout Europe, although minimum age at primiparity and litter interval are lower in the south. More from the same study: The standard deviation of the predicted masses at age seven years for individual males averaged 21.1 kg (max = 23.0 kg, min = 9.9 kg), whereas females showed less variability and had a mean standard deviation of 10.3 kg (max = 17.4 kg, min = 3.6 kg). Although there was no difference in body mass between the north and south, when corrected for other factors, the model without age indicated, as expected, that body mass was larger among males (Table 3; sex, Fig. 3) and greater in autumn than in spring (Table 3; season, Fig. 3). There was a larger change in body mass between spring and autumn among females than males (Table 3; sex:season, Fig. 3), and bears in the north changed more in body mass between seasons than those in the south, where males showed no increase in body mass (Table3; season:population, Fig. 3). Apparently, northern bears had greater body mass during autumn than southern bears, but lower body mass in the spring. Although body mass was greater in autumn than spring in the global linear models, bears in the north had a greater change in body mass between seasons. Based on the analysis of asymptotic body masses, northern females gained more mass (62 kg) than southern females (25 kg) from spring to autumn. Correspondingly, adult northern females lost more mass from autumn to spring compared to southern females. The greater seasonal changes in body mass in the north compared to the south are not surprising considering that northern bears hibernate longer than southern bears. Northern bears hibernate for 5.3– 6.5 months, depending on sex and reproductive category, in central Scandinavia and 6.9–7.5 months in northern Scandinavia (Manchi and Swenson 2005). An important difference between populations may be the availability of high-protein foods, because spring mass gain by brown bears is 64% lean body mass (Hilderbrand et al. 1999b). The global linear models showed no significant difference in body mass between the northern and southern popula- tions, but that northern bears had more mass in autumn (which includes more fat for the longer hibernation period). An examination of Fig. 1 in Kojola and Laitala (2001) revealed that adult female body mass in autumn in Finland is similar to Scandinavia. However, female brown bears may be larger in the Carpathian Mountains. Hell (1992) reported a mean mass of 140–160 kg and a maximum of 209 kg for adult females in Slovakia, most of which had been killed in the spring. In contrast with this, the adult male mass, primarily from spring males, appears to be lower in Slovakia than in our areas, with a mean of 170–190 kg and maximum of 328 kg. The lower masses for males and higher masses for females could be the result of a Slovakian policy to avoid shooting the largest bears in order to save older males (Salvatori et al. 2002), which might have resulted in biased sampling. Greater masses have also been reported from the Romanian Carpathians, with average masses of 214 kg for females and 268 kg for males, but no further information on age or time of kill was provided, or data on whether these were especially large bears shot as trophies (Alma ̆san and Vasiliu 1967). Thus, we do not know if brown bears actually are larger in the Carpathians than elsewhere in Europe. To test the credibility of our modeling approach, we obtained repeated measurements from 11 males and 22 females that each had their body masses recorded at ‡5 different ages in spring. The model predicted mass of bears at age 7 relatively consistently, even when masses were estimated based on the growth curves starting at different ages; males showed a greater interindividual body mass variation in the population than did females (Fig. 2). www.researchgate.net/profile/Sigbjorn-Stokke/publication/226066053_Brown_bear_body_mass_and_growth_in_northern_and_southern_Europe/links/09e41508057719b946000000/Brown-bear-body-mass-and-growth-in-northern-and-southern-Europe.pdf?origin=publication_detail |
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Post by Gorilla king on Feb 27, 2022 7:45:41 GMT -5
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Post by oldcyansilverback on Feb 27, 2022 8:15:16 GMT -5
Old boars are actually more aggressive than the rest. This info confirms that. I am not surprise if Chamlid, the vulture Ussuri brown bear is around that age too.
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Post by Gorilla king on Jun 7, 2022 21:47:37 GMT -5
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Post by oldcyansilverback on Jun 7, 2022 22:54:40 GMT -5
Old boars are actually more aggressive than the rest. This info confirms that. I am not surprise if Chamlid, the vulture Ussuri brown bear is around that age too. This post of mine has been confirmed by Warsaw 😁. |
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Post by brobear on Jun 9, 2022 2:17:57 GMT -5
Old boars are actually more aggressive than the rest. This info confirms that. I am not surprise if Chamlid, the vulture Ussuri brown bear is around that age too. This post of mine has been confirmed by Warsaw 😁. Curious; why "vulture" Ussuri brown bear? |
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Post by oldcyansilverback on Jun 9, 2022 2:41:42 GMT -5
This post of mine has been confirmed by Warsaw 😁. Curious; why "vulture" Ussuri brown bear? There are accounts which says the Ussuri brown bears that rob tigers are called vulture bears. There is at least one account posted on this forum. Some vultures like the Lappet faced vulture, Eurasianblack vulture, and white headed vulture robs from eagles. |
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Post by brobear on Jun 9, 2022 4:17:27 GMT -5
Curious; why "vulture" Ussuri brown bear? There are accounts which says the Ussuri brown bears that rob tigers are called vulture bears. There is at least one account posted on this forum. Some vultures like the Lappet faced vulture, Eurasianblack vulture, and white headed vulture robs from eagles. Oh, alright. Probably some biologist coined that phrase with no harm intended. However, a vulture does not ( to my knowledge ) chase large predators from their kills so as to usurp the carcass. Nevertheless, bears do scavenge carcasses also. |
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Post by Gorilla king on Jun 9, 2022 11:54:11 GMT -5
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Post by oldcyansilverback on Jun 9, 2022 23:02:04 GMT -5
There are accounts which says the Ussuri brown bears that rob tigers are called vulture bears. There is at least one account posted on this forum. Some vultures like the Lappet faced vulture, Eurasianblack vulture, and white headed vulture robs from eagles. Oh, alright. Probably some biologist coined that phrase with no harm intended. However, a vulture does not ( to my knowledge ) chase large predators from their kills so as to usurp the carcass. Nevertheless, bears do scavenge carcasses also. White headed faced vultures usurp tawny eagles, African fish eagles, and batleur eagles. I will show you pictures later in another thread. Also a good book on vultures will be ‘Vultures of Africa’ by Peter Mundy. Grizzlies and black bears also operate as scavengers if the predator has already left the kill. |
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Post by oldcyansilverback on Jun 12, 2022 8:39:01 GMT -5
HOW THICK IS A GRIZZLY BEAR'S BODY FAT? Grizzly bears are a subspecies of the brown bear; they're also called North American brown bears. As they hibernate for roughly half the year, they need to store a lot of fat to keep them nourished. The amount of body fat varies among bears, according to how much food they've managed to cram in, but the average bear can store up to 10 inches of fat all over his body. animals.mom.com/thick-grizzly-bears-body-fat-5772.html
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Post by Montezuma on Jul 10, 2022 2:09:19 GMT -5
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Post by Montezuma on Jul 10, 2022 2:16:19 GMT -5
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Post by Montezuma on Jul 10, 2022 10:52:39 GMT -5
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Post by Gorilla king on Jul 14, 2022 2:22:55 GMT -5
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Post by oldcyansilverback on Jul 14, 2022 5:26:17 GMT -5
The grizzly has survived along side smilodon fatalis, dire wolves, and Arctodus Simus before these three went extinct which means this extant bear is an adaptable animal.
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Post by Montezuma on Jul 26, 2022 3:20:05 GMT -5
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Post by arctozilla on Aug 30, 2022 17:55:55 GMT -5
Mean weight for 65 adult males (5+ years old) was 192 kg and 135 kg for 63 adult females (5+ years old) Dang! So 192 kg came from 5+ years old males. LOL, male grizzly bears don't reach full size until 10 years old. |
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Post by Gorilla king on Aug 30, 2022 20:12:15 GMT -5
Mean weight for 65 adult males (5+ years old) was 192 kg and 135 kg for 63 adult females (5+ years old) Dang! So 192 kg came from 5+ years old males. LOL, male grizzly bears don't reach full size until 10 years old.
Reply #4:
beargorillarealm.proboards.com/post/860/thread |
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