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Post by arctozilla on Oct 19, 2022 8:30:31 GMT -5
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Post by Gorilla king on Jan 14, 2023 13:11:26 GMT -5
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Post by Gorilla king on Jan 14, 2023 15:31:00 GMT -5
Characteristics of natural and anthropogenic mortality of an endangered brown bear population
Abstract
Large carnivores’ far ranging habits and their requirements for wide areas often led them to move into unprotected lands, making them especially vulnerable to various human threats. Therefore, it is crucial to better understand their mortality characteristics and potential threats so to help guide conservation efforts. Brown bear is a protected species in Iran, however, knowledge on its population structure and causes of mortality are sparse. The main objective of this study was to understand the causes and spatio-temporal patterns of brown bear mortality in Iran. We carried out a systematic survey of internet media sources to answer (1) the mortality of which age and sex group is reported in the media; (2) what are the most common causes of mortality; (3) what are the temporal and spatial patterns of brown bear mortality?. Overall, we found 135 mortalities of brown bears in Iran from 2004-2019. Our findings showed that 84% of mortalities were related to anthropogenic causes and being shot (59%) was the most common cause followed by vehicle collisions (18.7%). Only 2% of reported mortalities were due to natural causes, and no information on the causes of mortality was available for 14%. We further found no differences in the sex distribution of bears killed, but adults (68%) were more commonly killed than subadults (22%); and age was unknown in 9% of mortalities. Most mortalities (75%) were reported in summer and autumn. We found that the number of bear mortality increased with increasing elevation, road density, proportion of forest cover, and that it was higher in areas with a higher proportion of protected areas (PA). However, most reported mortality cases were found outside of PAs. The main takeaway messages from our study are that the conservation of large carnivores in Iran must occur in co-existence with humans in a human-dominated landscape. It is also essential to obtain reliable data on population structure as well as more data on mortality rates and causes. We propose, among other conservation actions, the establishment of a central database for the systematic collection of data on human-carnivore conflicts as well as a compensation scheme for reimbursement of damages by large carnivores.
www.researchgate.net/publication/364350477_Characteristics_of_natural_and_anthropogenic_mortality_of_an_endangered_brown_bear_population
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Jiren
Black bear
“Water can flow, or it can crash”.
Posts: 307
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Post by Jiren on Jan 14, 2023 18:49:23 GMT -5
Here’s my collection of bear mortality due to fighting: This work summarizes the mortality cases of twenty-five free-ranging Eurasian wild brown bears (Ursus arctos arctos) from the Cantabrian mountain range submitted for necropsy in Asturias and Castilla y León (northwestern Spain) from 1998 to 2018. Mortality cases were classified both caused by (i) "non-human intervention" or "human intervention" causes and based on (ii) "non-infectious" or "infectious" etiology. In four cases (16%) it was not possible to determine the cause of death due to the inadequate preservation of collected specimens or insufficient tissue availability. Based on "non-human intervention" or "human intervention" causes, fourteen of the 21 (66.7%) brown bears died as a consequence of "non-human intervention" due to traumatic lesions (fights, unknown traumas or infanticide), infectious canine hepatitis, neoplasia or mushroom poisoning. In contrast, seven (33.3%) brown bears died by "human intervention" due to illegal hunting (shooting or snare), handling (during transit in an attempt to reintroduce a bear back into the wild) or strychnine poisoning. Based on "non-infectious" or "infectious" etiology, twelve of the 21 (57.1%) brown bears died due to "non-infectious" causes, namely traumatic lesions such as shooting, snare, fighting or infanticide, handling, strychnine poisoning, mushroom poisoning or neoplasia. The remaining nine (42.9%) animals died due to "infectious" diseases which included gangrenous myositis, infectious canine hepatitis or septicemia. In six of those cases traumatic lesions caused by non-human or human activities were complicated with bacterial infection (clostridiosis and septicemia) which finally caused the death of those animals. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32878324/Causes of mortality in brown bears (Ursus arctos) examined at the National Veterinary Institute, Sweden, in the years 1987-2001. ibb.co/KxjjN6fwww.researchgate.net/figure/Causes-of-mortality-in-brown-bears-Ursus-arctos-examined-at-the-National-Veterinary_tbl1_7652347Brown Bear fights are common, especially for larger males in mating, personal space and carry horrific scars. ibb.co/KxjjN6fwww.researchgate.net/figure/Causes-of-mortality-in-brown-bears-Ursus-arctos-examined-at-the-National-Veterinary_tbl1_7652347Brown Bear fights are common, especially for larger males in mating, personal space and carry horrific scars. books.google.com/books?id=9BuvnaTkvK8C&pg=PT29&dq=brown+bears+are+common+fights&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwijktO2krL1AhUTRTABHVswBV0Q6AF6BAgIEAMTwo bears found in Kodiak Island were killed and partially eaten by each other. ibb.co/vXrm5v6books.google.com/books?id=widDNRl9rDoC&pg=PA31&dq=brown+bear+fight+ends+in+death&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiJh_2Zk7L1AhX4RDABHRLkCNkQ6AF6BAgLEAMOld males often fight and have many scars. One bear fell of a cliff after a mating fight! ibb.co/vXrm5v6books.google.com/books?id=widDNRl9rDoC&pg=PA31&dq=brown+bear+fight+ends+in+death&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiJh_2Zk7L1AhX4RDABHRLkCNkQ6AF6BAgLEAMA lot of fights, end in death. Even among juveniles and mature animals. ibb.co/vd5LZpSbooks.google.com/books?id=widDNRl9rDoC&pg=PA31&dq=brown+bear+fight+ends+in+death&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiJh_2Zk7L1AhX4RDABHRLkCNkQ6AF6BAgLEAMOld Male Bear scratched with numerous wounds after fight with a younger male . ibb.co/RvFnzk7books.google.com/books?id=widDNRl9rDoC&pg=PA31&dq=brown+bear+fight+ends+in+death&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiJh_2Zk7L1AhX4RDABHRLkCNkQ6AF6BAgLEAMSometimes , a fight ends in the death of one of the bears. More often , a bear will be injured. ibb.co/VQ271Mdbooks.google.com/books?id=HkEyCCps7pUC&pg=PA19&dq=brown+bear+fight+ends+in+death&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiJh_2Zk7L1AhX4RDABHRLkCNkQ6AF6BAgHEAMI have a lot of them, but I don’t want to make long posts. Here’s a good one: From the study I posted earlier: During these catastrophic food years, bear conflicts were not easily solved by removing nuisance bears because nearly all bears were involved in conflicts. ibb.co/F5Kp1Y3Clearly brown bears have tons of fighting knowledge  |
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Post by Gorilla king on Jan 14, 2023 19:53:20 GMT -5
This is a very good phrase here. Awesome. These bears probably fight more than tigers.
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Post by brobear on Jan 18, 2023 6:17:03 GMT -5
This is a very good phrase here. Awesome. These bears probably fight more than tigers. I remember that Big Bonns once stated that a male grizzly probably fights just as often, if not more often, than an African lion. The difference is, lion fights are more often to the death, although the brown bear's durability might play a part in brown bears rarely being killed in bear vs bear fights. In my own words; I have no doubts that brown bears fight more often than tigers. But, there is a reason why numerous people have survived grizzly attacks. It is often stated that bears are poor at killing. Imo, when a bear mauls his prey or adversary, he simply don't care whether you're breathing or not, just so long as you are disabled - neutralized. When a brown bear fights with another male brown bear, if his adversary walks away, that's good; mission accomplished. |
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Post by oldindigosilverback on Jan 18, 2023 6:57:27 GMT -5
/\ Lions and tigers are engage in more territorial fights while brown bears fight mainly for dominance and the best fishing spots.
Lions being social animals have the highest amount of gang fights.
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Post by Gorilla king on Jan 18, 2023 14:00:07 GMT -5
Grizzly bear mortality and human access in Banff and Yoho National Parks, 1971-98
Abstract
We conducted spatial and temporal analyses to examine the relationship between access, changing grizzly bear management strategies, and grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) mortality for 1971-98 in Banff and Yoho National Parks, Canada. We summarized mortality by cause of death, sex, age, and cohort. The annual number of grizzly bear deaths declined significantly between 1971-84 and 1985-98. However, the female portion of this mortality was 80% from 1985-98 compared to 50% during the earlier period. Human-related causes were the primary sources of recorded grizzly bear mortality in the study area (119 of 131 known mortalities). Control of problem bears accounted for 71% of 119 known human-caused mortalities, followed by highway and railway mortalities (19%), unknown cause of death (9%), and research (<1 %). All 95 human-caused mortalities with known accurate locations were within 500 m of roads or 200 m of trails. Eighty percent of these mortalities occurred below 2000 m. Kills were concentrated at Banff townsite. Lake Louise, and along the Trans Canada Highway. Management of development, trail access, and human food and garbage are critical for managing grizzly bear mortality in the national parks. We present specific recommendations.
www.researchgate.net/publication/288789241_Grizzly_bear_mortality_and_human_access_in_Banff_and_Yoho_National_Parks_1971-98
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Post by brobear on Jan 24, 2023 12:16:47 GMT -5
/\ Lions and tigers are engage in more territorial fights while brown bears fight mainly for dominance and the best fishing spots. Lions being social animals have the highest amount of gang fights. Bears are not truly territorial. But, there is always that one 'Boss Bear' who dominates the choice fishing spot, the choice berry bushes, etc, and takes his choice of the she-bears. Yes, a lion fight is usually three or more lions on one trespasser. Regardless of one-on-one or ganging-up on one, your typical full-grown male brown bear probably fights his own kind just as often as your typical full-grown African lion. |
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Post by Gorilla king on Jan 27, 2023 20:19:11 GMT -5
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Jiren
Black bear
“Water can flow, or it can crash”.
Posts: 307
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Post by Jiren on Jan 27, 2023 21:01:30 GMT -5
Nice source. I’m gonna add some more tomorrow. |
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Jiren
Black bear
“Water can flow, or it can crash”.
Posts: 307
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Post by Jiren on Jan 30, 2023 18:02:35 GMT -5
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Post by Gorilla king on Jan 30, 2023 21:59:29 GMT -5
A BROWN BEAR KILLS ANOTHER NEAR PILOT POINT, ALASKA ON 7/29/2010.
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Post by Gorilla king on Feb 8, 2023 17:59:09 GMT -5
The great bear stakeout, Van killing an adult female brown bear in seconds: (minute 54:00)
Hit blue button:
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Post by arctozilla on Feb 9, 2023 6:13:35 GMT -5
I'm glad someone posted it because some people say “bears aren't specialized warriors, they are just lazy animals who hibernate”. That makes clear that bears are underrated in comparison to lions, wolves and gorillas when it comes to fighting. People assume this because they see individuals who live in captivity and in populations that have low density. In populations with high density infinghting among bears will be higher.
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Jiren
Black bear
“Water can flow, or it can crash”.
Posts: 307
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Post by Jiren on Feb 9, 2023 21:05:49 GMT -5
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Jiren
Black bear
“Water can flow, or it can crash”.
Posts: 307
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Post by Jiren on Feb 9, 2023 21:06:23 GMT -5
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Post by arctozilla on Feb 10, 2023 10:46:48 GMT -5
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Post by arctozilla on Feb 10, 2023 15:58:33 GMT -5
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Post by arctozilla on Feb 11, 2023 5:13:57 GMT -5
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