|
Post by Gorilla king on Aug 3, 2021 11:19:25 GMT -5
From reply #38, very nice:
|
|
|
Post by tyrannosaurs on Aug 3, 2021 11:35:53 GMT -5
Thank you! I will try and find more documents.
|
|
|
Post by tyrannosaurs on Aug 3, 2021 16:33:42 GMT -5
Biodiversity library: www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21561#page/14/mode/1upNOTES: Major portions of the skeleton of the extinct giant short-faced bear (Arctodus simus yukonensis) were recovered from Fulton County, northern Indiana, in 1967. The bones provided a radiocarbon age of 11,500 +/- 520 years B. P. (apatite fraction). The skeleton was deposited in a shallow lake, perhaps in or near an open or patchy boreal forest dominated by spruce, after the recession of Wisconsinan ice. The bear was large, comparable in size to Rancholabrean specimens from Alaska and the Yukon. It is the only tremarctine recorded from Indiana, is one of two specimens from the Great Lakes region, and is one of the most nearly complete skeletons known. Most of the other known specimens are highly incomplete, so the Indiana specimen provides a firm basis for assessing variation in the subspecies. The skull is relatively short compared to the limb bones, is markedly wide, and has a very narrow interorbital width. Several of the vertebrae and limb bones exhibit pathological conditions. The pathologies were described previously and are further described here and discussed by Neiburger in the Appendix. A full set of measurements is presented. Comparisons are made wtih other A. simus specimens, yielding important data that have not previously been reported. Fieldiana series has been published as Geological Series by Field Columbian Museum (1895-1909) and Field Museum of Natural History (1909-1943), and as Fieldiana: Geology by Chicago Natural History Museum (1945-1966) and Field Museum of Natural History (1966-).
|
|
|
Post by tyrannosaurs on Aug 3, 2021 16:38:46 GMT -5
A section from a paper on Simus: "Arctodus simus first appeared during the middle Pleistocene in North America, about 800,000 years ago, ranging from Alaska to Mississippi, and it became extinct about 11,600 years ago. Its fossils were first found in the Potter Creek Cave, Shasta County, California. It might have been the largest carnivorous land mammal that ever lived in North America. In a recent study, the mass of six specimens was estimated, one-third of them weighed about 900 kg (1 short ton), the largest being UVP 015 at 957 kg (2,110 lb), suggesting specimens that big were probably more common than previously thought. Furthermore, claw marks reaching heights of up to 4.6 m (15 ft) on the walls of the Riverbluff Cave are indicative of the great size of the short-faced bears that made them." paleoenterprises.com/product-category/bear-fossils/
|
|
|
Post by tyrannosaurs on Aug 3, 2021 16:45:21 GMT -5
I found this: Arctodus simus from the Alaskan Arctic Slope
ABSTRACT -
Arctodus simus yukonensis, the extinct northern North American short-faced bear, is represented by an immature left humerus lacking its unfused proximal epiphysis, which was recovered from a point bar on the Ikpikpuk River, Alaska (69°41′N, 154°54′W). This is the northernmost record of this bear. The specimen is dated at 27 190 ± 280 BP (Iso Trace TO-2539) on 14C analysis, which lies within the observed age distribtution of Arctodus. The individual is larger than average for the species based on the dimensions of the distal articulation, despite its immaturity, and may have been male.
I am very curious about it and want to have the original source, but cannot acess any further. Does anyone has the ability to do so? Or... Do you already have the study?
|
|
|
Post by Gorilla king on Aug 3, 2021 17:48:27 GMT -5
Reply #44, well here is one source, it does not have the full study but it does have some notes:
www.researchgate.net/publication/237153612_Arctodus_simus_from_the_Alaskan_Arctic_Slope
.. The ecology of giant short-faced bears informs their occurrence at the fossil locality. Typically characterized as an open adapted species (Kurté n and Anderson, 1980;Harington, 1973;Matheus, 2003;Churcher et al., 1993;Richards et al., 1996), the distribution of giant short-faced bears indicates its occupation of diverse settings ( Schubert et al., 2010). Even though these bears were not restricted to open areas and could occur in different environments, the timing of the regional shift from an open pine woodland habitat to a densely forested vegetation regime with the occurrence of the giant short-faced bear remains at Pellucidar Cave implies that these vegetation changes contributed to the local extirpation of this species. ...
... Giant short-faced bears have been characterized on morpho- logical grounds as carnivorous and possibly active predators (Kurté n, 1967;Harington, 1996;Kurté n and Anderson, 1980;Voorhies and Corner, 1986;Agenbroad, 1990;Guthrie, 1988;Gillette and Madsen, 1992;Churcher et al., 1993;Richards et al., 1996). These bears have also been described as strict scavengers with functional morphology suited to long-distance procurement of carcasses (Matheus, 2003), and as omnivorous ( Baryshnikov et al., 1994;Sorkin, 2006) with flexible diets that varied according to resource availability similar to extant brown bears ( Figueirido et al., 2010). ...
... Sexual dimorphism, with males being larger than females, occurs in all living bears and is more extreme in the larger species (Stirling, 1993;Stirling and Derocher, 1993). A number of authors have discussed sexual dimorphism in North American short-faced bears because two distinct sizes have been noted (e.g., Kurtén, 1967;Kurtén and Anderson, 1980;Churcher et al., 1993;Scott and Cox, 1993;Schubert and Kaufmann, 2003;Schubert et al., 2010;Schubert, 2010). While similar studies have not yet been done on Arctotherium angustidens, we infer that the individual described here was a male based on its exceedingly large size. ...
... Thus, the pressures that ruled the late Pleistocene/early Holocene ecosystems, in parts of the world where these bears lived, seem to have favored less specialized taxa (i.e., those with more 'conservative morphologies' and medium to small size) than those with more 'specialized morphologies' and gigantic to large sizes (Arctotherium, Arctodus and U. spelaeus). These larger taxa were probably more constrained Merriam and Stock (1925); Kurtén (1967); Richards and Turnbull (1995); Churcher et al. (1993); Ursus spelaeus taken from Torres (1988); Arctotherium angustidens (a) from Soibelzon and Tartarini (2009), (b) and (c) specimens described here MLP 35-IX-26-6 and MLP 35-IX-26-5, respectively; U. maritimus provided by Christiansen (pers. comm., 2009). ...
... Short-faced bears are hypothesized to have been sexually dimorphic, with males larger than females (Kurtén, 1967;Churcher et al., 1993). The two individuals of A. simus in Three-Forks Cave are relatively small and, therefore, likely to represent females; this is consistent with the conclusions of Schubert and Kaufmann (2003) that only females denned in caves. ...
|
|
|
Post by tyrannosaurs on Aug 3, 2021 17:53:24 GMT -5
|
|
|
Post by tyrannosaurs on Aug 3, 2021 17:53:51 GMT -5
That's excellent King Kodiak.
After reading it, it sounds like a very informative and fascinating study.
|
|
|
Post by Gorilla king on Aug 3, 2021 17:59:05 GMT -5
A PARTIAL SHORT-FACED BEAR SKELETON FROM AN OZARK CAVE WITH COMMENTS ON THE PALEOBIOLOGY OF THE SPECIES
Portions of an extinct giant short-faced bear, Arctodus simus, were recovered from a remote area with-in an Ozark cave, herein named Big Bear Cave. The partially articulated skeleton was found in banded silt and clay sediments near a small entrenched stream. The sediment covered and preserved skeletal ele-ments of low vertical relief (e.g., feet) in articulation. Examination of a thin layer of manganese and clay under and adjacent to some skeletal remains revealed fossilized hair. The manganese in this layer is con- sidered to be a by-product of microorganisms feeding on the bear carcass. Although the skeleton was incomplete, the recovered material represents one of the more complete skeletons for this species. The stage of epiphyseal fusion in the skeleton indicates an osteologically immature individual. The specimen is considered to be a female because measurements of teeth and fused postcranial elements lie at the small end of the size range for A. simus. Like all other bears, the giant short-faced bear is sexually dimorphic. A review of A. simus records revealed that only small individuals have been recovered from cave deposits. This association of small A. simus specimens with caves suggests that females used these subterranean shelters for denning.
www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://caves.org/pub/journal/PDF/V65/v65n2-Schubert.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiSqtyB-JXyAhXFQTABHR4IBBMQFnoECBUQAg&usg=AOvVaw1VJrvObDc_Q8wCz5FxBLW9
|
|
|
Post by tyrannosaurs on Aug 3, 2021 18:02:31 GMT -5
|
|
|
Post by Gorilla king on Aug 3, 2021 18:05:28 GMT -5
Reply #46, very nice buddy, never seen this recreation before. Nobody can hunt a mammoth. And this recreation looks reliable, i can definitely see this happening:
|
|
|
Post by tyrannosaurs on Aug 4, 2021 5:26:40 GMT -5
|
|
|
Post by tyrannosaurs on Aug 4, 2021 10:44:13 GMT -5
|
|
|
Post by Gorilla king on Aug 4, 2021 11:11:40 GMT -5
Looks pretty good to me buddy. The SFB is a bit taller at the shoulder correct.
|
|
|
Post by Gorilla king on Sept 29, 2021 7:09:25 GMT -5
|
|
|
Post by Gorilla king on Sept 29, 2021 14:09:16 GMT -5
Diet and Co-ecology of Pleistocene Short-Faced Bears and Brown Bears in Eastern Beringia
Abstract
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of fossil bone collagen reveals that Pleistocene short-faced bears (Arctodus simus) of Beringia were highly carnivorous, while contemporaneous brown bears (Ursus arctos) had highly variable diets that included varying amounts of terrestrial vegetation, salmon, and small amounts of terrestrial meat. A reconsideration of the short-faced bear's highly derived morphology indicates that they foraged as scavengers of widely dispersed large mammal carcasses and were simultaneously designed both for highly efficient locomotion and for intimidating other large carnivores. This allowed Arctodus to forage economically over a large home range and seek out, procure, and defend carcasses from other large carnivores. The isotope data and this reconstruction of Arctodus' foraging behavior refute the hypothesis that competition from brown bears was a significant factor in the extinction of short-faced bears.
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0033589485710903
|
|
|
Post by oldindigosilverback on Sept 30, 2021 2:07:28 GMT -5
Reply 46. Nobody messes with the bull mammoth.
|
|
|
Post by Montezuma on Oct 9, 2021 20:53:17 GMT -5
|
|
|
Post by nocap on Oct 27, 2021 11:02:54 GMT -5
I think this is one comparison everyone here will like. 😀
|
|
|
Post by Gorilla king on Oct 27, 2021 11:39:47 GMT -5
nocap
Reply #58, that's awesome bro! Very good.
|
|