Post by Gorilla king on Jun 30, 2021 21:05:13 GMT -5
It appears that wolf packs are dominant over black bears but when the interaction is 1 vs 1 the black bear dominates.
Lone Wolf, Canis lupus, Displaced from a Kill by an Adult Black Bear, Ursus americanus, in Northeastern Alberta
Wolf (Canis lupus) packs are generally competitively dominant over Black Bears (Ursus americanus); however, less is known about lone Wolf-Black Bear interactions. We report an observation of a lone Wolf and an adult Black Bear at a kill made by the Wolf in northeastern Alberta. In this instance, the bear chased the Wolf from the kill site. Our observation supports the hypothesis that Wolf-Black Bear interactions may fit the pattern of asymmetrical interference competition when the interaction involves a lone Wolf rather than a pack.
There is extensive literature documenting gray wolves as the dominant competitor to black bears and cougars, through both interference competition (demonstrated by usurping prey carcasses and direct mortality; Ballard et al. 2003;Kortello et al. 2007;Hebblewhite and Smith 2010;Elbroch et al. 2015b) and exploitation competition (demonstrated by prey switching and spatiotemporal shifts by the subordinate competitors; Kortello et al. 2007;Ruth and Murphy 2010;Bartnick et al. 2013;Elbroch et al. 2015b). Wolves achieve this competitive domi- nance through their social nature, as cougars and black bears are able to overpower and even kill lone wolves (Rogers and Mech 1981;Ballard et al. 2003;Jimenez et al. 2008;Fremmerlid and Latham 2009). Through their capacity to effectively kleptoparisitize cougar kills, black bears have also demonstrated their ranking as a dominant competitor to cougars and can pose significant constraints on cougar fitness ( Murphy et al. 1998;Ruth and Murphy 2010;Elbroch et al. 2015a). ...
First, a sympatric predator such as an American Black Bear, a Coyote, or a Red Fox could have found the den site, destroyed it as it attempted to gain access to one or more pups that were hiding, and killed and eaten the pup that we found (i.e., interspecific predation). However, while there have been a few accounts of mature American Black Bears chasing off (or in one instance killing) lone wolves (Joslin 1966;Rogers and Mech 1981;Fremmerlid and Latham 2009), we are unaware of any instances where these species have attacked a Gray Wolf den or killed Gray Wolf pups. Furthermore, although these opportunistic predators may be capable of attacking and killing Gray Wolf pups, they have been shown to be the loser in competitive interactions with Gray Wolves, particularly in a pack (e.g., Carbyn 1982;Peterson 1995;Ballard et al. 2003). ...
www.researchgate.net/publication/233398670_Lone_Wolf_Canis_lupus_Displaced_from_a_Kill_by_an_Adult_Black_Bear_Ursus_americanus_in_Northeastern_Alberta
Lone Wolf, Canis lupus, Displaced from a Kill by an Adult Black Bear, Ursus americanus, in Northeastern Alberta
Wolf (Canis lupus) packs are generally competitively dominant over Black Bears (Ursus americanus); however, less is known about lone Wolf-Black Bear interactions. We report an observation of a lone Wolf and an adult Black Bear at a kill made by the Wolf in northeastern Alberta. In this instance, the bear chased the Wolf from the kill site. Our observation supports the hypothesis that Wolf-Black Bear interactions may fit the pattern of asymmetrical interference competition when the interaction involves a lone Wolf rather than a pack.
There is extensive literature documenting gray wolves as the dominant competitor to black bears and cougars, through both interference competition (demonstrated by usurping prey carcasses and direct mortality; Ballard et al. 2003;Kortello et al. 2007;Hebblewhite and Smith 2010;Elbroch et al. 2015b) and exploitation competition (demonstrated by prey switching and spatiotemporal shifts by the subordinate competitors; Kortello et al. 2007;Ruth and Murphy 2010;Bartnick et al. 2013;Elbroch et al. 2015b). Wolves achieve this competitive domi- nance through their social nature, as cougars and black bears are able to overpower and even kill lone wolves (Rogers and Mech 1981;Ballard et al. 2003;Jimenez et al. 2008;Fremmerlid and Latham 2009). Through their capacity to effectively kleptoparisitize cougar kills, black bears have also demonstrated their ranking as a dominant competitor to cougars and can pose significant constraints on cougar fitness ( Murphy et al. 1998;Ruth and Murphy 2010;Elbroch et al. 2015a). ...
First, a sympatric predator such as an American Black Bear, a Coyote, or a Red Fox could have found the den site, destroyed it as it attempted to gain access to one or more pups that were hiding, and killed and eaten the pup that we found (i.e., interspecific predation). However, while there have been a few accounts of mature American Black Bears chasing off (or in one instance killing) lone wolves (Joslin 1966;Rogers and Mech 1981;Fremmerlid and Latham 2009), we are unaware of any instances where these species have attacked a Gray Wolf den or killed Gray Wolf pups. Furthermore, although these opportunistic predators may be capable of attacking and killing Gray Wolf pups, they have been shown to be the loser in competitive interactions with Gray Wolves, particularly in a pack (e.g., Carbyn 1982;Peterson 1995;Ballard et al. 2003). ...
www.researchgate.net/publication/233398670_Lone_Wolf_Canis_lupus_Displaced_from_a_Kill_by_an_Adult_Black_Bear_Ursus_americanus_in_Northeastern_Alberta