|
Post by Montezuma on Apr 2, 2022 20:25:04 GMT -5
|
|
|
Post by Montezuma on Apr 2, 2022 20:47:07 GMT -5
"The regions where bear festivals are celebrated include: Finns and Sami of Fennioscandia (Lapland and finland), among the Ob-Ugrians, Selkps and Kets of Western Siberia (the Ob-Yesieni region), among Amur tungus, Giykal, Ainu of eastern manchuria and northern japan (the Amur basin, Sakhalin, Hokkaido)."
"There are textual and epigraphical evidence that the female shamans (wu) in ancient china performed Bear cults by wearing bear-skins."
"The fact that the bear had an important role in chinese mythology as it is frequently seen in chinese art and material culture. Since the Han times (200 bc -200 ad), it is common to depict the bear on small bronze statues, which meaning remains obscure that the bear had mythological connections."
"Obviously, the ancient china is characterised with highly developed institutionalized Bear cult."
www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/publictn/acta/20/asi20-001-janhunen.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwinl_iv5_b2AhWL_6QKHejvAtIQFnoECAQQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2XMBsvD7gQVb5mU8ali5E3
|
|
|
Post by Montezuma on Apr 2, 2022 21:28:11 GMT -5
|
|
|
Post by Gorilla king on Apr 3, 2022 16:35:30 GMT -5
|
|
|
Post by Montezuma on Apr 6, 2022 20:33:30 GMT -5
|
|
|
Post by Montezuma on Apr 8, 2022 20:41:33 GMT -5
|
|
|
Post by Montezuma on Apr 8, 2022 20:46:07 GMT -5
As the thread shows that the bear is too much respected in the Far east. Tigers fans sometimes, argur"revered tiger more than the bear." However, that wrong since it should be noticed that in practical way, like rituals or festivals etc, the bear seems to be more honoured that the tiger as below are some proves of it. In this post, the writter said that nevertheless, the bear is structurally more connected with the conceptual framework of the man than the tiger. The word conceptual framework means the theories or in other words "legends or mythologies". So according to it, the bear has featured more in human conceptual framework than the tiger. beargorillarealm.proboards.com/post/4867Furthermore, the same author himself told that the bear is revered more than tiger or anyother beast in the amur region as he says, "it may be noticed that no other beast, including the tiger, is no revered in such way" which clearly shows that tge brown bear with no doubt is more revered. . beargorillarealm.proboards.com/post/5834/threadIt is not hard to find that there are many legends of bears or bears in religion of amur than compared with the tiger. Bears feature too much in rituals and mythology and tigers meaning bears are more prominent creatures than tigers among amur people. When even reading about tungus religion, bears are too much mentioned in many aspects of legends and rituals of the amur people and tigers are too little mentioned creatures like whales, dogs or seals meaning tigers are not that much important in religion. beargorillarealm.proboards.com/post/5383Furthermore, in dualistic system of the amur native, the brown bear is "always" present giving the bear is huge important while the tiger is "sometimes" mentioned which gives the bear more religious reverence in the Amur religion. . beargorillarealm.proboards.com/post/5834/threadIf tigers were more revered so tigers must be the most present animal in tungus religion but thats the bear. Thats why the bears play a large role, if not central role, among the religion of the tungus people, not the tiger.beargorillarealm.proboards.com/post/4931The tiger and bear have prominent place in Amur cultures but the word "especially the bear" is used here. It could be interrepted as tiger is revered in amur region but the bear is more revered. beargorillarealm.proboards.com/post/5325In shamaic people, the word "father" or "grandfather" is mostly used for the most revered animals like the buffalo and bear called by american indians. As this post shows that normally among the amur tungus tribes, the bears are called as ama or father and mafa or grandfather more than the rarely called tiger.
beargorillarealm.proboards.com/post/4869/thread
From this the viewer can easily consider that the bear is more revered than the tiger in a practical way. If tigers were more revered, then i think tigers should be called grandfather more than the bear. But that the opposite. Even the word for grandfather among tungus mostly means three meanings:- "bear, god and sky" , not tiger. www.google.com/url?q=https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/tunguz-religion&usg=AOvVaw2w5u9GxquPDfSOT6j7xxARNow here is the biggest evidence. Sacred festivals in ancient people were organised for respect something or many things. Animals were common in such festivals. But never festivals were organised to respect only a single animal except the bear. beargorillarealm.proboards.com/post/4870/thread The indeginous people of the tungus of amur and others of the manchuria arranged whole festival dedicated only for the bear. There even two types of bear festival but not even one type of festival for the tiger. There are "bear festivals" arranged by the natives to only honour the bear, but unlike this festival, the native never made any "tiger festival" only dedicated to the tiger.After the festival or hunt, the bear spirit is not pleased with just some taboos but it needs too much rituals, more than the tiger. The amur people revered the bear so much that they also featured " bear dance" but never tiger dance. beargorillarealm.proboards.com/post/5342The all parts of the bears have a prominent status. And even every part of the bear has its own names different from the part names of other animals. The skull, penis, claws, teeth, fur are used for various rituals. Many bear body parts have a special status among rituals after hunt but the tiger's body parts do not have that kind of status.beargorillarealm.proboards.com/post/5384And furthermore, when burial of bear's skeleton is different from the burial of skeleton of other animals, including tiger, which shows the bears more religion importance than anyother animal. beargorillarealm.proboards.com/post/5834/thread So now its enough, to show that bears are being more respected by the natives than the tiger.
|
|
|
Post by Montezuma on Apr 9, 2022 11:46:05 GMT -5
From the religion of native tungus people of russian Far east. They contain other tribes of amur-manchuria region too like, "Other peoples speaking Tunguz languages are the Nanay (Goldi; 12,000), Ulchi (3,200), Udege (1,900), Oroki and Orochi (1,200), and Negidalʾtsy (600). They represent a special cultural area, extending as far as the basin of the lower Amur River and Sakhalin Island, that includes the ancient cultural legacies of the Ainu and Nivkhi (Giliaks) and the inhabitants of northeastern China." " The heroic deeds of their first ancestors, beginning with the words tarnïmngākāndu bičen ("this was in nimngākān "). The term nimngākān means "myth, tale, legend; warm fairyland; bear ritual; shamanic séance."
"The first of these names is tied to the concept of "success" or "hunting luck," whereas the last is a kinship term referring to representatives of the older age groups: "grandfather, father, uncle," and, in general, "ancestor." The word amaka also has other meanings: "bear; God; sky."
"One of the myths associated with Engžekit tells of the origin of the first people, of reindeer, and of cultural objects from the various parts of the mythic bear's body."
"In other myths the bear, representing the ancestor of one or another Tunguz tribe, is similarly depicted as a culture hero, the creator of reindeer breeding, bequeathing after his inevitable death the ritual of the Bear Festival."
"The most important detail of the Tunguz bear ceremony, which has an explanation in their religio-mythological perception of the world, is the way in which they handle the bear's eyes. Hunters, having cut off the head of the slain beast, take out its eyes with great care, seeking to touch them neither with a knife nor with their fingernails. Then they wrap the eyes in grass or birch bark and carry them away into the forest, where they place them high in a tree. The Udege did this in the hope that the bear's eyes might be illuminated by the first rays of the rising sun. In the tabooed language of Tunguz hunters the bear's eyes are called ōsīkta ("stars"). The connection of the bear with heavenly luminaries is well illustrated in a Tunguz myth in which the bear, named Mangi, follows the reindeer or moose who had stolen the sun. Having caught up with his prey, the bear returns the sun to its place. Both protagonists in this myth form the constellation of Ursa Major, the Big Dipper, in Tunguz cosmology (Chichlo, 1981, pp. 39–44)."
"The word seven also signifies the ritual dish at the Bear Festival, which is prepared from rendered bear fat mixed with finely chopped bear meat. Scooping the seven with a spoon, the hunter must swallow it without its touching his teeth. This method of partaking of the body of the beast deity is identical to the rules of handling bear eyes. The boldest hunters may swallow them but only without touching them with their teeth; otherwise the hunter will become blind."
"This spirit, according to an Orochi myth, is a pair of bear cubs born from the mating of a bear and a woman."
"According to the Evenki, the bear is a culture hero who gave people fire. Reconstructing the Tunguz spirit of the domestic fire discloses his bisexual nature, corresponding to an androgynous deity like the bear. It is therefore understandable why hunters do not risk swallowing ōsīkta ("bear's eyes"), preferring to return them to the taiga. The luster of these "stars" on top of the World Tree assured hunting success, and the projections of the luster are the light and warmth of domestic hearths."
www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/tunguz-religion&ved=2ahUKEwjM2f-2uof3AhXLh_0HHScWAFAQFnoECAMQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2iDMQlpf6NrN_GjA5HZ9Dv
|
|
|
Post by Montezuma on Apr 9, 2022 11:57:37 GMT -5
|
|
|
Post by Montezuma on Apr 12, 2022 19:23:14 GMT -5
|
|
|
Post by Montezuma on Apr 12, 2022 20:26:17 GMT -5
|
|
|
Post by Montezuma on Apr 12, 2022 21:17:51 GMT -5
"All the siberian natives used animal worship, believing their natural phenomenons, such as mountains, lakes, trees, wind as well as, the elk, the bear, the deer and the tiger."
"The most widely revered animal was the brown bear, often called "the master of the taiga", and "bear festival" was observed in most." (Including amur tungus as shown in former posts).
books.google.com.pk/books?id=VZZLAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA106&dq=natives+bear+as+master+of+the+taiga&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwidxtSd-I_3AhXRy4UKHaTrBoQQ6AF6BAgHEAM
|
|
|
Post by Montezuma on Apr 12, 2022 21:37:52 GMT -5
|
|
|
Post by Montezuma on Apr 18, 2022 21:36:55 GMT -5
/\ I include them in Far Eastern thread as most of these siberians are referred in russian far east from these sources.
|
|
|
Post by Montezuma on Apr 19, 2022 20:11:18 GMT -5
"Jade objects, pottery, lacquer- work, bronze equipment, sculptures, and bronze mirrors of the Han Dynasty of 206 B.C. to 22 A.D., are often decorated with bears. That’s because people of that period worshiped the bear and honored him by putting his image on many objects."
"In the Shang Dynasty, the totem was a bird; the Shu emperor used the silkworm as his personal totem. The dragon was also imbued with significance. But it wasn’t until the Yellow Emperor built his capital at Xinzheng, a place with some bears, that he became known as the Bear Emperor."
" It is the Chinese art of harmonizing humans with their environments. According to this philosophy, a bear represents masculine energies, and placing a figure of a bear in the home – particularly the main entrance- helps to protect the house and its inhabitants."
"Also, placing a bear’s image in the part of the home where children might reside helps parents to give birth to strong, healthy baby boys."
www.earthstoriez.com/china-panda-history-mythology/
|
|
|
Post by Montezuma on Apr 19, 2022 20:35:31 GMT -5
|
|
|
Post by Montezuma on Apr 21, 2022 21:03:10 GMT -5
China
Totem of ancestor"The three jade bears excavated from the Yin Xu Fuhao Tomb of An Yang of He Nan province are the earliest examples bear artwork known today. At the end of July of 2010, one of the three jade bears was exhibited at the Capital Museum in an exhibit about archaeological work in China. The jade bear vividly depicted the image of a bear, setting an example for the later works of the the Han Dynasty. There is a long history behind the use of the bear as a totem. In the Shang Dynasty, people used the bird as a totem. After that, the Shu Emperor of the Shang Dynasty made the silkworm his totem. In ancient times, people of the eastern tribes and the Shennong ethnic minorities used dragon as their totem. When the Yan Emperor and Yellow Emperor began to govern the country, they made great contributions to the integration of the ethnic groups. What is more, the Yellow Emperor built his capital at Xinzheng, where had some bears. Therefore, he was also called “You Xiongshi,” meaning “Bear Emperor.” It was said that the Chinese myth of “Shan Hai ching,” which was deeply loved and praised by Lu Xun, a famous Chinese writer, was written for the Chu people of the Warring States Period. The story begins with a high mountain, called the Bear Mountain. There were many caves in the mountain, where bears lived and the immortals always went there to play with bears. In the summer, the doors of the caves were open, while in winter, the doors of the caves were closed. If the doors of the caves were open in the winter, turmoil and disaster would occur. Therefore, there was some relation between the bear and divinity that could decide the wealth or woe of the common people. Although it was a myth, people in ancient times believed it, and the bear totem commanded great respect at that time. It was recorded in the work “Zuo Zhuan” that the Chu Cheng king ate a bear’s paw before he killed himself after he lost a battle. It was also once believed that the oldest ancestor of the Xia ethnic group became a bear after he died. It is therefore clear that people in ancient times showed great favor and respect to the bear. The people of the the Han Dynasty also respected the bear The people of the the Han Dynasty continued the folk customs of the Chu dynasty. Therefore, it is certain that the people of the the Han Dynasty loved and respected the bear. Many cultural relics of the the Han Dynasty excavated from tombs like Zeng Hongji and Ma Wangdui involved images of bears. Most of the artistic works delineated a bear’s shape extremely vividly and nicely." redirect.viglink.com/?format=go&jsonp=vglnk_165059301621911&key=71fe2139a887ad501313cd8cce3053c5&libId=l29sggj50102ylrr000ML1pgm6xo9550qw&loc=https%3A%2F%2Fshaggygod.proboards.com%2Fthread%2F354%2Fbears-antiquity&ccpaConsent=1---&v=1&out=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinaculture.org%2Fchineseway%2F2011-01%2F28%2Fcontent_405029.htm&title=Bears%20in%20Antiquity%20%7C%20Message%20Board&txt=www.chinaculture.org%2Fchineseway%2F2011-01%2F28%2Fcontent_405029.htm
|
|
|
Post by Gorilla king on Apr 23, 2022 18:21:21 GMT -5
|
|
|
Post by Montezuma on Apr 24, 2022 22:17:31 GMT -5
|
|
|
Post by Gorilla king on May 2, 2022 19:57:27 GMT -5
Ancient DNA analysis of brown bear skulls from a ritual rock shelter site of the Ainu culture at Bihue, central Hokkaido, Japan
Abstract
Ancient DNA, sampled from ten brown bear (Ursus arctos) skulls excavated from a rock shelter site of the Ainu culture at Bihue, central Hokkaido, Japan, was analyzed. This ritual site (iwaya or siratcise), located in a mountainous area near the western coast of Lake Shikotsu, is considered to have been used for bear-sending ceremonies by the Ainu people at least until about 70 years ago. We identified four mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes at Bihue, all of which were shared by the modern brown bears of Hokkaido. A previous study showed that three mtDNA lineages (groups A, B, and C) of modern brown bears are allopatrically distributed: group A in north-central Hokkaido, group B in eastern Hokkaido, and group C in southern Hokkaido. The ritual site of Bihue is located in the group C area. While one haplotype of group C was recovered from four of the Bihue skulls, three haplotypes of group A were recovered from six skulls. No haplotype of group B was found. The distribution of the four identified haplotypes at Bihue overlaps extensively with the area of the Ainu community called Shumukuru. These results indicate that, at the Bihue ritual site, the Ainu people probably performed bear-sending ceremonies that included skulls of bears that lived far from the Bihue area. This suggests that, earlier in the Ainu culture period (after the 17th century), the Bihue ritual site could have been used by multiple villages within an Ainu community, such as the Shumukuru, and/or that bear-hunting areas may have expanded from Bihue. This might have led to the promotion of cultural communication and unity among local villages via bear-sending ceremonies.
www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/22529/1/AS114-3.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjCovuojsL3AhUmuJUCHVrkDigQFnoECAgQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2M7SM6XxZKhKtyREzfk1yb
|
|