Post by Gorilla king on Aug 12, 2023 21:46:55 GMT -5
Natural habitat, population and management of Brown bear in the Amur region
Andrey PAVLOV, Maksim BORMOTOV and Aleksandr SENCHIK, Far Eastern State Agricultural University, Blagoveschensk, Russia
At present time, the actual problem in Amur region (Russia) is the population of brown bear. Forest fires have direct impact upon the conditions of this species’ habitat. Fires destroy their food supply and impair protective and breeding conditions. Brown bear is forced to migrate in search of food and sufficient habitat. Brown bear (Ursus arctos) is one of the biggest predators in the Amur region. According to our research there are species whose height reaches up to 2,5 m., and weight – up to 700 kilograms. On the average, a bear’s weight is 150 - 300 kilograms. Usually male bears are considerably bigger than females. Different subspecies have various fur color. In total sample, brown and grayish-brown colors of various brightness from light and whitish to dark brown prevail. Winter fur is very thick with well-developed undercoat. That is why during winter season bear’s skin is considered to have the best trophy qualities. Bear’s annual cycle of life can be divided into two periods: wakeful state (from spring to the beginning of winter) and hibernation (from the beginning of winter to spring). During summer.bears can migrate in search of food. Bears have well-developed hearing and sense of smell; their eyesight is less developed. The usual bear gait is slow and calm ambling, but in case of need an animal can run with the speed of up to 50 kilometers per hour. Bears are omnivorous animals. Their teeth structure points out that they are used to vegetable rather than to animal food.The most typical habitat of brown bears in the Amur region is taiga and the subzone of mixed forest. Often they come out of forests to moss moors. Females usually produce offspring once in 2-4 years. If a female has a non-manifest pregnancy, an embryo will not be developing before November, when the female goes to its den. The pregnancy lasts for 6-8 months, and the delivery occur from January to March, while a female is.still in hibernation. Bears reach puberty at the age of 4-6 years, but keep growing until 10-11 years. Their life span can be as long as 20-30 years. Bears do not have many enemies. Rarely a pack of wolves may attack a single animal. Sometimes a tiger can attack them, but big brown bear species are serious opponents for a tiger. The main subspecies in the Amur region is Amur brown bear (Ursus arctos lasiotus Gray, 1867). In our area they go to den by the end of November, and come out of hibernation at the end.of March or beginning of April. The seasoning may vary due to weather (air temperature, precipitation) or feeding conditions. Occasionally there are non-hibernating bears. Brown bears are widely spread in taiga zone. In steppe areas they are rarely to be encountered. The population of brown bear in the Amur region vary slightly, but the general tendency. during the period from 2012 to 2014 is that it grows.
www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.sizenken.biodic.go.jp/nichiro/Abstracts.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjMoY-ez9iAAxXXkZUCHR6tADwQFnoECA4QAQ&usg=AOvVaw2N867ujd9LnZPMD9rbUMuC
Andrey PAVLOV, Maksim BORMOTOV and Aleksandr SENCHIK, Far Eastern State Agricultural University, Blagoveschensk, Russia
At present time, the actual problem in Amur region (Russia) is the population of brown bear. Forest fires have direct impact upon the conditions of this species’ habitat. Fires destroy their food supply and impair protective and breeding conditions. Brown bear is forced to migrate in search of food and sufficient habitat. Brown bear (Ursus arctos) is one of the biggest predators in the Amur region. According to our research there are species whose height reaches up to 2,5 m., and weight – up to 700 kilograms. On the average, a bear’s weight is 150 - 300 kilograms. Usually male bears are considerably bigger than females. Different subspecies have various fur color. In total sample, brown and grayish-brown colors of various brightness from light and whitish to dark brown prevail. Winter fur is very thick with well-developed undercoat. That is why during winter season bear’s skin is considered to have the best trophy qualities. Bear’s annual cycle of life can be divided into two periods: wakeful state (from spring to the beginning of winter) and hibernation (from the beginning of winter to spring). During summer.bears can migrate in search of food. Bears have well-developed hearing and sense of smell; their eyesight is less developed. The usual bear gait is slow and calm ambling, but in case of need an animal can run with the speed of up to 50 kilometers per hour. Bears are omnivorous animals. Their teeth structure points out that they are used to vegetable rather than to animal food.The most typical habitat of brown bears in the Amur region is taiga and the subzone of mixed forest. Often they come out of forests to moss moors. Females usually produce offspring once in 2-4 years. If a female has a non-manifest pregnancy, an embryo will not be developing before November, when the female goes to its den. The pregnancy lasts for 6-8 months, and the delivery occur from January to March, while a female is.still in hibernation. Bears reach puberty at the age of 4-6 years, but keep growing until 10-11 years. Their life span can be as long as 20-30 years. Bears do not have many enemies. Rarely a pack of wolves may attack a single animal. Sometimes a tiger can attack them, but big brown bear species are serious opponents for a tiger. The main subspecies in the Amur region is Amur brown bear (Ursus arctos lasiotus Gray, 1867). In our area they go to den by the end of November, and come out of hibernation at the end.of March or beginning of April. The seasoning may vary due to weather (air temperature, precipitation) or feeding conditions. Occasionally there are non-hibernating bears. Brown bears are widely spread in taiga zone. In steppe areas they are rarely to be encountered. The population of brown bear in the Amur region vary slightly, but the general tendency. during the period from 2012 to 2014 is that it grows.
www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.sizenken.biodic.go.jp/nichiro/Abstracts.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjMoY-ez9iAAxXXkZUCHR6tADwQFnoECA4QAQ&usg=AOvVaw2N867ujd9LnZPMD9rbUMuC
